A. T. Gifford (ship)

The "A. T. Gifford" was the last American schooner-rigged whaleship to cruise Hudson Bay. It caught fire and sank in late 1915. Although the captain and a few of his crew escaped the wreck, none survived the disaster.

Construction and Ownership

The "A. T. Gifford" was a sailing ship built in March 1883 in Essex, Massachusetts. Rigged as a schooner, she measured convert|82.6|ft|lk=on|abbr=off|sp=us in length, and displaced convert|82|ST|LT t|0|lk=on|sp=us. [http://www.mysticseaport.org/library/initiative/SPSearch.cfm?ID=598006 Mystic Seaport: Digitial Initiative ] ]

From 1884 until after 1900, the "Gifford" was owned by George Dennis, and its homeport was Gloucester, Massachusetts. During 1913-1915 the Gifford was owned by furrier F. N. Monjo of New York City."Cap'n George Fred" Himself. Doubleday, Doran and Company. 1928. pp. 267-271.]

Commanding officers

Edward M. Joyce

The "Gifford" was commanded by E. M. Joyce from 1884 until at least 1900. This was presumably Edward M. Joyce, who had previously commanded the schooners "Eliza K. Parker" in 1881 and "Henry L. Phillips" 1883.

George Comer

George Comer served as captain of the "Gifford" on two voyages out of Stamford, Connecticut in 1907 and 1910."Whaling Masters", compiled by the Federal Writers Project of the Works Progress Administration of Massachusetts. New Bedford, Massachusetts: Old Dartmouth Historical Society, 1938.] Comer had obtained command of the "Gifford" after his previous whaleship "Era" was wrecked off Newfoundland in 1906.cite web |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=G49CwQpozoUC&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=shoofly+comer&source=web&ots=5VKw6XpKgU&sig=oq7tZkSr15oCePLTCAcrDX0218I&hl=en#PPA25,M1
author=Eber, Dorothy |title=When the Whalers Were Up North |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |page=25 |year=1989]

Comer spent two winters, 1910-1912, frozen in the ice at Cape Fullerton, during which time he made phonograph records of the local Inuit, and collected folklore and legends of the Iluilirmiut of Adelaide Peninsula ("Iluilik"), Hudson Bay. The vessel also took five small whales which yielded convert|2000|lb|lk=on|abbr=off|sp=us of whalebone, then valued at $10,000. ["Shipping News", Boston Daily Globe, October 22, 1912. Page 5.]

James Allen Wing

62-year-old James Allen Wing (1851-1925) was the next captain of the "A. T. Gifford". Wing had recently left his post as master of the steam bark "Gay Head" of San Francisco, and was well-acquainted with arctic navigation. The son of whaling captain Andrew Wing of Acushnet, Massachusetts, he had sailed on whaleships since the age of eleven, before moving in the early 1890s from New Bedford to California to follow the profits of the whaling trade. In California he became master of the bark "Sea Breeze", the steamer "Karluk", and the "C. T. Walker", plying the western Arctic waters for whales, and was part of the "ice catch" of 1898 in which eight whalers were trapped in the ice off the coast of Alaska. After two seasons on river steamers between Stockton and San Francisco, he became captain of the "Gay Head", a post he held from 1909-1912.

His voyage on the "Gifford" left in June 1913. During its cruise in Hudson Bay, Capt. Wing dropped off Capt. George Cleveland of Martha's Vineyard, his partner Mr. Bumpus, and their supplies at Cape Fullerton to establish a trading post for the F. N. Monjo Company of furriers.The Vineyard Gazette, Edgartown, Massachusetts. October 4, 1923.]

Arthur O. Gibbons

Arthur O. Gibbons (1859 - 1915) of Norwich, Connecticut was the last captain of the "A. T. Gifford". He was unmarried, the son of Mrs. Mary A. (Gibbons) Murray of Norwich. He is presumably the same Arthur O. Gibbons who is listed as the master of the "Francis Allyn" (1897, 1899), the "Ellen A. Swift" (1902, 1906), and "Charles W. Morgan" (1908). He is probably the same man as Arthur B. Gibbons who captained the "Sarah W. Hunt" in 1892 and 1893, and perhaps the "Margaret", the "Bertha" (1902, 1911), and the "T. Towner".

Fire and sinking

In July, 1915, the "Gifford" left Provincetown, MA on its final voyage. After dropping off supplies and picking up a two years' catch of furs from Capt. Cleveland at Cape Fullerton in September 1915, it was never heard from again. Article. Boston Daily Globe, September 21, 1923. Page 7.]

In 1917, George Fred Tilton of Martha's Vineyard was hired by the Monjo company to investigate the disappearance of the schooner. He sailed to Hudson Bay on the schooner "Pythian" and determined that it had burned and sank in flames on its homeward journey. Tilton wrote, "I found proof that the schooner had caught fire and burned until her gas tanks blew up and sunk her, and I learned from the natives of three men who landed in a small boat and died from burns and exposure."

An overturned fisherman's dory covering two skeletons were found by Capt. Cleveland at Coats Island in 1921, alleged to be the remains of crew of the schooner "A. T. Gifford". One of the two bodies was identified as Captain Gibbons by his small stature and his revolver. The second skeleton remained unidentified, but was presumed to be one of the "Gifford"'s officers. The men were thought to have been trying to reach the nearest Hudson Bay trading post, some convert|70|mi|-1|lk=on|abbr=off|sp=us from where the dory was found, when winter storms set in. The Canadian Government held a criminal investigation. [http://mikan3.archives.ca/pam/public_mikan/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=880887&rec_nbr_list=880887 Description Full Display - Search Archives - Library and Archives Canada ] ]

No other survivors of the wreck have ever been located.

References

External links

* [http://www.oldtimeislands.org/Cleveland/1910-1919.html The Monjo Post at Cape Fullerton] - Excerpts from the log of the A. T. Gifford and an account of the 1915 disaster.