Graham Kennedy

Infobox Actor
name = Graham Kennedy


caption = Kennedy during 1970 interview on ABC's "This Day Tonight"
quotation =
birth_date = birth date|1934|2|15|mf=y
birth_place = Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
dead = dead
death_date = death date and age|2005|5|25|1934|2|15|mf=y
death_place = Bowral, New South Wales, Australia
occupation = Television personality
nationality = Australian
yearsactive = 1957-1991

Graham Cyril Kennedy, AO (15 February 1934 – 25 May 2005) was an Australian radio, television and film performer, often called "Gra Gra" (pronounced "grah-grah") and "The King" of Australian television.

Early life

Childhood

Kennedy was born in Camden Street, Balaclava to Cyril William Kennedy and Mary Austen Kennedy (nee Scott) [cite book
first = Graeme
last = Blundell
authorlink = Graeme Blundell
year = 2003
title = King: The Life and Comedy of Graham Kennedy
publisher = Pan Macmillan
location = Sydney
id = ISBN 0-7329-1165-6] . His mother, who was 18 years old at the time of his birth, [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 9] was employed at a local picture theatre. His father worked variously as an engineer and handyman, mowed lawns and washed cars, and in 1939 joined the RAAF as an air gunner. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 11] His first home was a "small, crowded duplex" at [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=32+Nelson+Street,+Balaclava+Australia,+(Graham+Kennedy's+childhood+home) 32 Nelson Street] , Balaclava. A 20 cm diameter plaque was placed on the property by the City of Port Phillip, coincidentally in the week of Kennedy's death. [cite web | url=http://www.skhs.org.au/~SKHSnewsletters/newsletters/174-jul2005.pdf | title=St Kilda Historical Society newsletter | month=July | year=2005 | accessdate=2007-05-17|format=PDF]

When Kennedy was two years old, his parents moved to Carlisle Street, St Kilda for two years. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 11] His parents divorced shortly before World War II, and Kennedy was largely raised by his grandparents, "Pop" Kennedy (who had been an electrician at Melbourne's Tivoli, Royal and Bijou theatres) [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 9] and "Grandma Scott", to whom he remained particularly close until her death. Kennedy later said that he had:

"often wished his mother and father had never married. 'I wasn't enamoured of either of them [...] they betrayed me [...] divorce is not too much fun for a little nine-year-old [...] " [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 351]

After Kennedy's death, an article in "The Bulletin" by his friend and colleague John Mangos recorded that:

"... he would sometimes talk about the violent arguments between his parents, how he gravitated to his grandmother's bosom, his two uncles ("one fought the Germans, the other fought the Japs") and how one of them took liberties with the boy. Graham never resented him, claiming he equated it with affection." [cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20050619210114/http://www.bulletin.ninemsn.com.au/bulletin/site/articleIDs/6D71054423628356CA25700D0005E365 | title=Mangos,John : “The King and I”, The Bulletin, 7 June 2005, p. 31 | accessdate=2008-02-04(www.archive.org)]

Education

Kennedy was educated firstly at Euston College (which no longer exists) [cite web | url=http://www.skhs.org.au/~SKHSarticles/articles/Past_Schools.html
title=The Lost Schools of St Kilda | accessdate=2007-05-17] on the corner of Chapel and Carlisle Streets, secondly at Caulfield North Central School (now [http://www.caulfieldjc.org.au/ Caulfield Junior College] ) and finally at Melbourne High School, South Yarra.

In 1977, Kennedy chaired a project to raise funds for improvements at Melbourne High which raised more than $100,000 in its first year. [ cite web | url=http://www.mhsoba.asn.au/default.asp?pg=print&spg=default&articleid=4097 | title=Melbourne High School Old Boys' Association obituary | accessdate=2007-04-29]

After school

During a school break in 1949, Kennedy worked in an uncle's hairdressing shop at 475 Collins Street, where he met clients who worked in the same building for the Radio Australia shortwave service of the Australian Broadcasting Commission. He was offered, and accepted, a job as a news runner from Collins Street to the ABC studios in Lonsdale Street. Shortly thereafter he went to radio station 3UZ, working in the record library. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 28. The MHSOBA obituary records that his report card states " [...] he was employed by Radio Australia (Short-wave Division) at 475 Collins Street Melbourne after leaving school. However, during 4th form at MHS, he worked as a messenger at the ABC on Wednesday nights from 5pm to 11pm."]

Radio career

3UZ and Nicky

Melbourne's top commercial radio personality was 'Nicky' — Clifford Nicholls (real name Clifford Nicholls Whitta). A radio performer since 1932, he presented a popular housewife's programme, as well as "Chatterbox Corner" with his wife Nancy Lee (Kathleen Lindgren).

In an era when Australian radio announcers routinely adopted false British accents and a "hard sell" approach to advertisements, his authentic Australian voice and irreverent attitude towards his sponsors made him the idol of his audience. By the early 1950s a newspaper survey found that more than 70% of Melbourne housewives tuned in to his show.Fact|date=April 2007

In his foreword to Nancy Lee's book "Being a Chum Was Fun" (1979) Kennedy wrote:

"About forty years ago, when I was a snow haired six year old, I can remember being totally captivated by a grown man pretending to be a naughty little boy on 3AW's children session called "Chatterbox Corner". His name was Clifford Whitta, and he was to become the most important man in my life. Years later I was even more fascinated with this man when he conducted a breakfast program and let the boy who played his records actually talk on the air with him." [cite book
first = Nancy
last = Lee
authorlink =
year = 1979
title = Being a Chum was Fun: the Story of Nancy Lee
publisher = Listen & Learn Productions
location = Melbourne
id = ISBN 0-9596-1361-7]

Nicholls moved from 3KZ to 3UZ (where Kennedy was working), bringing with him his teenage panel operators Alf "Alfie Boy" Thesinger and Russell Archer. However, eighteen-year-olds, Thesinger and Archer were "called up" (conscripted) for National Service. Nancy Lee's book records:

"I asked Nicky, "Have you decided on anyone to help you in the session yet?" When I heard the chosen one was to be young Graham, I was surprised. "Oh, no, not Graham! [...] he's a nice boy, but he can't talk." Nick said, "Mum, leave him to me." [Lee, Nancy (1979), op. cit., p.149]

Nicky became father-figure, personal friend and mentor to Kennedy, and the two built an extraordinary on-air rapport. Kennedy wrote:

"Being straight man to one of the greatest entertainers of our time was not all that easy. We were not always chums. He would spend weeks not talking to me (except on air) for something I had unknowingly said or done. Once he even suspended me from the programme for some trivial matter. [...] I worked with him until his sudden death in 1956. I never stopped being a fan. I did not realize then that I had been prepared for another career on another electrical medium: the most potent communication device of the century." [Lee, Nancy (1979), op. cit., foreword by GK. Elided text: "'But it was more than worthwhile putting up with his various moods and it must be remembered that he in turn was putting up with a very gauche seventeen year old. And of course, he taught me so much: how to use radio not just be on it. He took me under his wing and became a surrogate father. I spend many happy times with him and his family at his house in Ivanhoe. They were very special occasions for me. I baby sat for him and Kathy a few times.'"]

Nicky died on 8 September 1956.

Other radio

By May 1957, Kennedy was appearing on television (see below), but also presented a 3AK morning radio programme with Bert Newton in 1961-1962, which later originated from a studio built at Kennedy's home in Olivers Hill, Frankston.

In 1970 he worked at 3XY; from June to December 1975 he appeared on a 3LO drivetime program with Richard Combe; from September to November 1976 was on 3DB with Denis Scanlan; in 1977 he returned to DB to cover the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II live from London.

RS Playhouse

Kennedy recorded eight thirty-minute radio comedies for the ABC under the title "Graham Kennedy's RS Playhouse". Written by Gary Reilly and Tony Sattler (who together wrote the television programs "Kingswood Country" and "The Naked Vicar Show"), the shows were broadcast between 11 August and 23 September 1979.

The episode titles were:

*"The Birthday Boy"
*"Because He's My Brother"
*"You Only Live Once"
*"Sunday Morning Fever"
*"The Chocolate Milkman"
*"The Prawnbroker"
*"Mad Jack's Dentist"
*"The Good Morning Show"

Sattler and his wife (actress Noeline Brown) were two of Kennedy's closest friends.

2Day FM

In 1980 Kennedy became a ten percent shareholder in Sydney radio station 2Day FM and from 24 May 1981 presented a computer-edited, three-hour Sunday morning program of music and comedy. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., pp. 350-351]

Television career

Kennedy's first television appearance was in March 1957, representing 3UZ on a GTV-9 Red Cross telethon. Viewing his performance on the monitors, GTV-9's general manager Colin Bednall and producer Norman Spencer "... turned to one another without exchanging a word and shook hands." [cite book
first = Gerald
last = Stone
authorlink = Gerald Stone
year = 2000
title = Compulsive Viewing: The inside story that rocked the TV industry
publisher = Penguin Books
location = Victoria
id = ISBN 0-14-029817-2"'When a full face of Kennedy alone came on the monitor, Spencer and I turned to one another without exchanging a word and shook hands. At the time, we were in desperate need of talent. At a glance, you could see that this boy on camera, with his cheap haircut and popping eyes, had gone to endless pains rehearsing his act and also had outstanding ability. When we talked to Kennedy he made no attempt at playing hard to get. He was busting to get into television.'"]

In Melbourne Tonight (IMT)

Bednall and Spencer defied both the GTV-9 boardroom and the first sponsor (Philips) by choosing Kennedy, who began on a salary of 30 pounds for five one-hour evening shows per week to be called "In Melbourne Tonight" (or "IMT") which began on 6 May 1957. Thus the 23-year old Kennedy began a career of which he was later to say that he was "terrified for forty years" [Stone, Gerald, op. cit., p.93"'I was terrified for forty years is what I can tell you about my career', he says now, confirming the stories told of him having to steel his nerves before almost every performance. 'Well, out of the thousands of television shows and radio shows, once or twice I was quite comfortable, but mostly I was frightened.'"] . The show's theme song, "Gee, But You're Swell", was written by Abel Baer and Thomas Tobias in 1936.

Kennedy was not GTV-9's first choice — they had planned to use either 3UZ personality John McMahon or 3DB's Dick Cranbourne. The programme's name had been intended to be "The Late Show", but rival station HSV-7 beat them to that title by one week. The program became extremely popular, although Kennedy had his detractors. Kennedy was quoted as saying::"Many women write to tell me that although their husbands may not like me, they do. It appears from the mail that the women have the say on what the household is watching. And we do remember that it is the women who do the buying of products that we advertise. Bearing that in mind we try and design our commercials for them." [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 216]

"IMT" was devised as a copy of the American 'Tonight Show' format, with the host presiding over sketches, introducing star artists and reading advertisements live. His colleague Bert Newton records in his autobiography: [cite book
first = Bert
last = Newton
authorlink = Bert Newton
year = 1977
title = Bert! Bert Newton's Own Story
publisher = Garry Sparkes & Associates
location = Toorak, Victoria
id = ISBN 0-9080-8124-3
pages = pp.91-93]

:"(Norman) Spencer was the mastermind of "IMT"; don't let anyone forget that. Nothing happened on "IMT" that Norm did not approve personally [...] Norman Spencer chose Graham Kennedy as compère; Norm kept his eye on the show from day to day; he pushed the buttons from the control room which put the TV shots into viewers' homes at night; he added the talent around Graham and he set up the organisation."

Spencer wielded other influence too. According to Hugh Stuckey, a writer on the show, the producer placed Kennedy with a series of attractive young women to displace rumours of Kennedy's homosexuality.:"This was an era in which homosexuality was, well, horrifying. So every now and again Kennedy had to be seen about in case any viewers thought him the other persuasion. [...] It was cleverly manipulated - the station had the media at its disposal. It was all to give Graham a good old hetero image though he always seemed very unsexual." [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 161]

By July 1959 the program was still popular in Melbourne. Recurring comedy players Joff Ellen and Rosie Sturgess became regulars. Singer Toni Lamond joined the cast. Attempts were made at this time to launch Kennedy as a "national" personality. Special Friday night editions of IMT were produced under the title of "The Graham Kennedy Show" and recorded on videotape which had just come into use. After being transmitted live in Melbourne taped copies of the show would be shipped to Adelaide, Brisbane and Sydney for transmission there on subsequent evenings. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 185-6] Producer Spencer observed there was critical and popular resistance to Kennedy in Sydney. Queensland too had shown suspicion to imports from down south trumpeted to Queenslanders as the best in Australia while Queensland itself had apparently been left out of this judgement. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 186-7]

"The Graham Kennedy Show" began in February 1960 but was not popular in Sydney. The program was judged stilted compared to IMT itself; Kennedy seemed much more subdued than usual, was tense, and the comedy was not working. Critics in Sydney and Queensland disliked key components of the show. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 188-90] Judged as a flop, "The Graham Kennedy Show" in Sydney was dropped by ATN7 after 13 weeks. The program however was immediately picked up by TCN9 - its general manager Ken G. Hall saw potential in the program. After continued bad reviews its popularity increased in Sydney. By July 1960 it had reached its twenty-fifth episode and had the highest ratings in Australia. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 1892-3]

Later in 1960 Kennedy faced opposition when Sir Frank Packer bought GTV-9. Unlike the previous owner, Packer interfered directly with the station's activities. GTV-9 executive Colin Bednall reported that Packer hated Kennedy and forcefully articulated his desire to have him removed from the IMT.:"Packer had a phobia about homosexuals and he believed Kennedy to be one. He insisted he could pick one a mile off." [Stone, Gerald: op. cit., quoting from "an unpublished memoir now lodged with the National Library in Canberra" by Colin Bednall. Also quoted in Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 196] Kennedy himself was aware that Packer "loathed" him::"Sir Frank did suspect that I and others were of that persuasion. I mean if everyone in the television industry was fired because of that, there would be few around! [...] I've been accused of everything. I've been accused of being homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual and worst of all asexual, which means you don't do anything. That's cruel." [Stone, Gerald: op. cit., p. 83; quoted in Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., 196-7]

Packer's arrival prompted the departure of IMT producer Norman Spencer. IMT continued its run. Other regular performers on IMT were Patti Newton, Philip Brady. In 1961 Kennedy described his presentation of the program.:"In the whole of the ten years I have been working on radio and television, I have been working to a majority of women. I think women prefer men to be well-mannered, so I always try to watch my manners. They like men to be well dressed, so I do my best to observe this. Others bring to my notice the fact that I sometimes make grammatical errors in my speech; so, because of this, I try to watch my grammar - but at the same time I bear in mind that it's more profitable for me to be entertaining than to be perfect in my use of English." [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 215.]

By March 1961 the national show had been renamed "Graham Kennedy's Channel 9 Show" and was finding quiet acceptance nationally. Even at this time Kennedy admitted there were problems in the weekly national show.:"We clam up and get tense. But I think the national show will improve in the next few weeks. We want to include the best segments of "IMT" in the national show. "IMT" is a lot more spontaneous than the national show - we've run up to an hour overtime. We like to get the audience to participate and if we can find someone interesting in the studio audience we throw away our scripts and just adlib. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 218.]

Kennedy by this stage did not always host "IMT". Bert Newton hosted on Monday nights. Then a September 1961 reshuffle had Toni Lamond host Monday nights and Newton hosted only on Thursday nights. Kennedy took occasional nights off to be replaced by Frederick Parslow, Jimmy Hannan, and Philip Brady. Despite resistance from network executives to the varied hosting line-up, the ratings remained strong. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 227-8.]

In January 1962 the national "Graham Kennedy's Channel 9 Show" was cancelled and replaced by "The Channel 9 Show" hosted by Bert Newton. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 232.] Kennedy continued to fine-tune his "IMT" performances. Kennedy had a strong understanding of key technical elements of television and perfected his comic timing, and watched the lenses on the TV cameras, adjusting his performance depending on whether he was in a wide shot or a close up. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 223.] Compilation highlight programs of "IMT" segments were screened in Sydney, Perth, Brisbane and Adelaide in May 1963 under the title "The Best of Kennedy". "The Best of Kennedy" continued until December 1963. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 244.] On "IMT", Noel Ferrier was appointed the new Friday night host. Also in 1963 writer Mike McColl-Jones joined. Kennedy had often disliked having writers on the program, was reluctant for them to be publicly acknowledged, and often ignored all their material. In the case of McColl-Jones, Kennedy seemed to like him and his comedy material, which was apparently the key requirement by which Kennedy would use a writer's material. McColl-Jones continued as a writer on the series for several years. Also in 1963 Ernie Carroll joined the writing team. Kennedy had apparently relaxed his attitude towards writers by this stage and seemed happy to use their material with few complaints. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 239-42.]

In 1964 Bert Newton abruptly disappeared from the program. It was not publicly acknowledged at the time but he had suffered a nervous breakdown. After a long absence he returned to appear on the Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday evening episodes. On 14 June 1965 "IMT" reached its two-thousandth installment and more people watched the show per capita then any other television program in the world. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 245-8.]

By this stage Frederick Parslow was well established on the program's writing team and was a confidante of Kennedy's.:"When he was really down, depressed about things. A relationship had failed. He rang me in a terrible state and asked me to go down to his house in Frankston. Joan, my wife, said you better go. He sounded really desperate. There wasn't much he could do for such a long time. Of course, when he did start to get brave, he was too old for going around and picking up what he might enjoy. He was the first of our mega stars; there seem to be mega stars everywhere now. In those days, living in such a Sleepy Hollow like Melbourne, he found his life terribly, terribly difficult. And you can understand in those days. The times have changed. It's almost compulsory to be homosexual now. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 250.]

" in which Kennedy plays himself. Like the film's protagonist, Kennedy in the film finds Sydney to be a city somewhat unwelcoming towards migrants from anywhere. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 254-5.] By early December 1966 ratings for Kennedy's show were strong in Sydney. There was an increase from one "IMT" episode a week in Sydney, to two, with a Monday night broadcast added that month. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 257.]

By 1968 there was a regular roster of "IMT" guest hosts, including Bert Newton, Tony Charlton, Tim Evans, Bobby Limb, Don Lane, Kevin Sanders, and Michael Preston. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 269.] The announcement of Kennedy's intention to leave "IMT" was made in October 1969 and he left the show on the expiration of his contract December 23 1969. His final episode features newsreader Sir Eric Pearce placing on his head a crown made by the Channel Nine prop department in the style of that worn by Henry IV, symbolising Kennedy's reign as King of Australian television. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 273.]

In 2007, the crown (which a private collector had recognised at a junk store, and purchased for $5) was auctioned for more than $17,000 to a producer of the Seven Network's "Sunrise" programme. [http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21602248-10229,00.html Kennedy's crown fetches $17K] news.com.au, 23 April 2007]

Comedic style

Kennedy deliberately pushed the boundaries of acceptability in a staid era. Inspired by stage comedians such as Roy Rene, his style was bawdy, irreverent, iconoclastic, often smutty, sometimes deliberately camp, and laden with innuendo and double-entendre. He regularly overstepped the boundaries of accepted "good taste", once telling a fan "There are no limits, love, there are no limits." [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 379]

Journalist Megan Gressor described Kennedy's style as having "... mongrel roots — a hybrid of vaudeville, slapstick and endless suggestiveness, plus a subliminal subversiveness all his own. It seems almost pantomimic to modern eyes, but Kennedy was a product of simpler times. And more complex. His was an act predicated upon repression; naughtiness loses its point in a world without taboos, where anything goes. It wouldn't work today, when people don't just say "fuck" on television, they do it." [http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/04/25/1050777394925.html "King of comedy, fears of a clown"] : Megan Gressor, "Sydney Morning Herald", April 26 2003]

Advertisements

Drawing on his radio experience with Nicky (who had routinely "sent up" advertisers), Kennedy transformed the live commercials from what would have otherwise been dull pro-forma obligations into a unique comedic art form. On one famous occasion, a scheduled 20-second ad spot for an aspirin product was spun out into 33 minutes of improvised comedy.

Newton has written::"The blood would drain from the face of Pelaco shirt-wearing executives in television, advertising and business until they realised that instead of televisual suicide, this skinny little wiseguy was commercial gold. And then they liked his brand of humour a lot."

:"A commercial I shared with Graham, Raoul Merton ('of comfort you're certain when you wear Raoul Merton') changed the footwear buying habits of men." [Newton, Bert (1977). Op Cit, p. 91]

am Chisholm

Gerald Stone recounts in his book "Compulsive Viewing" that a "cocky young salesman" visited the IMT set hoping for an extra plug for his employer's product. The young salesman was Sam Chisholm, later to become a senior executive for variously the Packer and Murdoch media empires. A May 2005 interview with Chisholm records: [http://sunday.ninemsn.com.au/sunday/cover_stories/transcript_1864.asp 50 years of television, Part two] ]

:Sam Chisholm: "I was working for Johnson's wax at the time, and I don't think he believed my ...":Graham Davis: "Sales pitch.":Sam Chisholm: "Assertions about this product. So I said, "I'll go and polish your floors and prove it to you." Which I did.":Graham Davis: "Over at his home?":Sam Chisholm: "Absolutely.":Graham Davis: "You got down on your hands and knees at his home?":Sam Chisholm: "Yep. I started off as his housekeeper and ended up being his boss."

Rover

Kennedy requested a "reject" dog from the Jack Davey Memorial Guide Dog Centre and was given a Labrador Retriever which he named "Rover".

Rover was sometimes brought into the studio to assist with advertisements for Pal dog food. One night the dog showed no interest whatsoever in the product, which Kennedy then himself proceeded to eat with apparent relish, straight from the can - or so it seemed.

Rover also achieved television immortality by relieving himself - live to air - upon one of the huge cameras. The studio audience collapsed in hysterics, but the duration and urgency of Rover's impressively hydraulic performance might have led some cynics to question just how impromptu the event really was.

Biographer Blundell quotes Ernie Carroll:

"Pal dog food, with Rover [...] was time consuming [...] once we fed him all afternoon so that when he came out to do the commercial he didn't want to touch the Pal dog food. He was already full of it. [...] on another occasion they had him drink before the show, big drinks. So when he came out, he peed all over the camera and all around the set [...] Even those seemingly innocent dog manouevres were carefully planned."

Kennedy was exasperated for decades by questions about "whatever happened to Rover". As late as 1989, on "Graham Kennedy's News Hour" (see below), he answered a viewer's question couched in exactly those words with the withering reply "... he was a dog. What do you think happened?"

In early June 2005, on the 3AW programme "Nightline" with Philip Brady and Bruce Mansfield, Patti (McGrath) Newton stated that her father had often looked after Rover when he appeared at GTV-9. It seems that Kennedy had become increasingly irritated with retrieving Rover from the pound and so, when Patti's father's dog died, Rover went on to a long and happy life at the McGrath (senior) household.

The Graham Kennedy Show

After a special on 2 March 1972, Kennedy returned to regular television with "The Graham Kennedy Show" on 19 September 1972. This series lasted until late 1973. In 1974, when Kennedy claimed he wanted a rest, Nine allegedly paid him not to sign with another network. The Graham Kennedy Show resumed in March 1975, and was Kennedy's first series in colour.

Memorable, and controversial, moments, included the "crow call" controversy where, on March 5, 1975, Kennedy imitated a crow call ("faaaaaark") highly reminiscent of the word "fuck". This incident led the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal to ban Kennedy from live television, forcing him to pre-record the show on videotape.

Another notable moment was from 17 April 1975, when Kennedy attacked Senator Doug McClelland, the then Minister for the Media, over local content issues. His comments were edited, and a voiceover recorded by the general manager was inserted saying that Kennedy had made a "cowardly attack on a Labor Minister who was unable to defend himself."

Following the McClelland incident, Kennedy parted company with the Nine Network, but later returned (see below).

Power Without Glory

Kennedy appeared as Clive Parker in an episode of the 26-part ABC drama "Power Without Glory", which began on 21 June 1976.

Blankety Blanks

He returned to television in 1977 for what is now Network Ten to host a comedy game show, "Blankety Blanks". It dominated early evening television for two years between 7 February 1977 and 15 September 1978, and featured friends from his earlier days including Noeline Brown, Barry Creyton, Noel Ferrier, Ugly Dave Gray, Carol Raye and Stuart Wagstaff.

In 1979, "The King" became "King of Moomba" complete with his famous motorised desk, the second Melbourne-born recipient after Newton. [Craig Bellamy, Gordon Chisholm, Hilary Eriksen (17 February 2006). [http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/rsrc/PDFs/Moomba/History%20of%20Moomba.pdf Moomba: A festival for the people] : pp. 17-22]

The Blainey View

In 1982 Kennedy provided the voice-over narration for a ten-episode ABC historical documentary "The Blainey View". [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 356]

Eleven AM

Kennedy appeared as the host of Channel Seven's morning news program "Eleven AM" in 1983 and again – for eight weeks – in 1984. [ [http://www.theage.com.au/news/People/A-life-in-showbusiness/2005/05/25/1116950723374.html A life in showbusiness] . Retrieved 29 June 2008.]

Graham Kennedy's News Show

Nearly 60, Kennedy accepted an offer from the Nine Network's managing director Sam Chisholm to present "Graham Kennedy's News Show" from Sydney, to air five nights a week at 10:30 p.m. against Clive Robertson's "Newsworld" on the Seven Network. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., pp. 369-372] Five trial programmes were recorded but never broadcast. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 373]

Kennedy initially "pulled the plug" and withdrew from the show but returned (see Harry M. Miller, below). Kennedy's contract stipulated that his co-presenter would be sports commentator Ken Sutcliffe. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 371]

Kennedy's writers, who worked from a production cottage at the corner of Scott Street and Artarmon Road included Jim Pike, Tim Evans, Larry Burns, and Ken Stirling. Blundell records:

"They worked in the back room shooting out gags over typewriters and word processors, united in their hatred of the 'The Little Guy' as they also called him." [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 382] "

The writers also referred to Kennedy as "the little buggle-eyed bastard", [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 383] . However, they admired his talent. Jim Pike said, ".. I hate him, but he is the best there is". [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 383]

Kennedy defied convention with remarks which were tasteless, and yet hilarious. Pointing out the irony of how a news show gets good ratings he said it would be helpful for his show's ratings if the Pope's aircraft were to fly into a mountain while it was full of orphans. He also remarked that Queen Elizabeth II "didn't have bad breasts ... for a woman of her age" and mocked the October 17, 1989, San Francisco Loma Prieta earthquake with a re-creation on the set.

After a slightly heavy woman was caught for streaking at a cricket match, Graham explained on air that they would run the footage but had to cover certain offending parts of her body with black. The clip he played was all black, except for a single spot that revealed her pubic hair.

He also reprised the "Chum Song" from Melbourne radio days, saying that it originated in a 1920s children's newspaper column in Scotland. In Nancy Lee's book "Being a Chum Was Fun" she writes: [Lee, Nancy (1979). Op Cit, p.67]

"The Chum Song, I believe, was written and recorded originally by Jack Hilton for a Scottish Newsboys Club."

The lyrics of the chorus are:

:"Being a chum is fun,":"That is why I'm one;":"Always smiling, always gay,":"Chummy at work,":"(and) chummy at play -":"Laugh away your worries,":"Don't be sad or glum;":"And everyone will know that you're a " :"Chum, chum, chum!"

Sutcliffe would "corpse", with tears in his eyes, unable to continue; this became so frequent that Kennedy managed to coin a catchphrase, "I love it when he cries".

Kennedy called Sutcliffe "Two Dogs" after delivering a joke ending with the tag "Why do you ask, Two Dogs Rooting?"

Graham Kennedy's News Show was a rarity in that it was a live news show that had a studio audience. Five nights a week for most of the year, audiences lined up at 10:30 at night just to see Kennedy do his magic in the flesh. Often the funniest parts of the show were in the commercial breaks when Kennedy would come down and join the audience for a chat. He always made a point of telling them a particularly crude joke that was timed so they got the punchline just a second before the show was back on air.

Coast to Coast

On 13 February 1989 the show became "Coast to Coast", with Nine journalist John Mangos replacing Sutcliffe [384] , and ran until 8 December 1989.

Harry M. Miller

Kennedy employed Harry M. Miller as his agent. According to biographer Blundell, Kennedy believed that Miller was to donate his commission of $2500 per week to the Wayside Chapel for Kennedy's appearance on "Graham Kennedy's News Show". [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 374]

Miller later sued Kennedy for "wrongful termination and for a 20 per cent commission on his 1989 gross earnings." [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 387] During the court case Miller "painted a picture of his client of twenty years as a late-night drunk in the habit of sending demanding faxes while under the influence." [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 388] Justice Brownie found against Miller, and ordered him to pay $75,699 and costs.

Graham Kennedy's Funniest Home Videos

Kennedy's last series was "Graham Kennedy's Funniest Home Videos" which was broadcast between 29 March and 15 November 1990 on the Nine Network.

35 Years of Television

Kennedy presented the introduction segment to the Nine Network special "35 Years of Television" in 1991. The segment covered the very early days of television variety, including his own "In Melbourne Tonight".

Last television appearance

Kennedy's last television appearance was in February 1994 in an interview for "Ray Martin Presents Graham Kennedy's Sixtieth". Believing that Martin had ambushed him by departing from a pre-agreed list of questions, Kennedy ensured that much of the interview was unusable for broadcast by peppering his responses with obscenities.

In 2005 John Mangos wrote:

"He (Kennedy) later explained the experience in a piece for TV Week in an article called 'In his own words'.

"Ray Martin and I had worked together before, and he well knows that if I have the questions in advance, he'll get a better interview. Everyone knows this – politicians in particular. Ray duly faxed the questions to me, but on the morning of the recording changed them. I was bewildered by this (I think a researcher let him down). I terminated the interview when I didn't know what he was talking about and went upstairs to lunch."

It was a critical turning point in his career. He vowed never to do television again." [Mangos, John: "The King and I", The Bulletin, 7 June 2005]

Ray Martin denied any ill intent, saying "We faxed a series of general topics, but it was clear at the outset that much would depend on the general run of the interview [...] An ambush was not on the agenda [...] He had no complaints. There was never a suggestion that he was unhappy." [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., pps. 409, 410]

Logie awards

Graham Kennedy coined the name Logie Award in 1960, after the inventor of television, John Logie Baird.

Kennedy received many Logies, including:

* 5 Gold Logies for the Most Popular Personality on Australian Television (1960, 1967, 1969, 1974, and 1978).
**He also won the "TV Week Awards' Star Of The Year" award at the inaugural presentation in 1959, and this is sometimes counted as his first Gold Logie, which would give him 6 in total

* a Special Logie Award - the "Star of the Decade" in 1967

* a Hall of Fame Logie Award in 1998. He did not attend the ceremony; the award was accepted on his behalf by Bert Newton.

Film career

Kennedy appeared in a number of films, ranging from brief cameos to leading roles. They include:

* "They're a Weird Mob" (1966) (cameo as himself)
* "The Box" (1975) (supporting role as himself)
* "Don's Party" (1976)
* "The Odd Angry Shot" (1979)
* "The Club" (1980)
* "Silent Reach" (1982) (telemovie)
* "The Return of Captain Invincible" (1982) (cameo)
* "The Killing Fields" (1983)
* "Stanley" (1983)
* "Travelling North" (1987)

He also had a cameo in "On the Beach" (1959) which was not used. cite web | url=http://delarue.net/beach.htm | title=On The Beach |work=On the Beach| accessdate=2007-06-03]

Private life

Kennedy never married. In the 1960s Bob Dyer described him as "probably the loneliest young man in Australia"." [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 164]

In 1973 Melbourne newspapers reported that Kennedy was engaged to 28-year-old American singer Lana Cantrell (born August 7, 1943), who became a successful New York lawyer.

Many years later, Kennedy wrote to a newspaper that a photographer, taking pictures of Ms. Cantrell and him leaving a restaurant together asked if he could "hint at a romance". The following Sunday a poster proclaimed "GRAHAM AND LANA TO WED". [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 361]

In his 2006 book "King and I: My Life With Graham Kennedy" broadcaster Rob Astbury stated that he and Kennedy had been lovers. Kennedy is portrayed as a homosexual in the 2007 biopic "The King". [ [http://www.yourmovies.com.au/news/index.cfm?action=news&i=117281 yourmovies.com.au] ]

Retirement

In 1991 Kennedy retired to a rural property at Canyonleigh, near Bowral in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, near to his friends Tony Sattler and Noeline Brown, where his two best friends were two Clydesdale horses named Dave and Sarah, and Henry, a Golden Retriever.

Ill-health

Kennedy's health declined during the 1990s. He was diabetic, and a heavy smoker and drinker. Throughout his illnesses, his friends Tony Sattler and Noeline Brown rallied to his aid.

On 18 December 2001 his housekeeper found him unconscious and dehydrated. Sattler said "Between the diabetes and the booze, there's not much left of him", adding that the death of Kennedy's dog Henry was "the final trigger". [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 418]

On 14 June 2002 Kennedy was found unconscious at home, at the foot of the stairs at his home, suffering a broken leg and skull with suspected brain damage. [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., p. 429]

His Canyonleigh property was sold, and he moved into a townhouse and later a nursing home.

Benefactor

Despite a career of high earnings, press reports said that his financial situation was, while not disastrous, insufficient to fund his ongoing care. Having made millions for the Packer family interests, he believed that "the Packers will always look after me".

According to Graeme Blundell's biography, Tony Sattler:

:" [...] spent several days ringing Kerry Packer's office [...] Nursing was going to cost $3000 a week. 'We could cope for several years but not longer". [...] "After three days Di Stone, Mr Packer's personal assistant, called Sattler back: 'Mr Packer has considered his plight. Unfortunately, he is unable to assist."':" [...] Sattler received a phone call from [...] an 'unnamed businessman' — [...] ten minutes later there was a call from Graham's bank to tell Sattler that $150,000 dollars had been deposited in the ailing comedian's account". [Blundell, Graeme: op. cit., pps. 422-423]

On May 27, 2005, Noeline Brown confirmed that the benefactor was Sam Chisholm [ cite web | url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/People/Kennedys-final-farewell/2005/05/26/1116950822351.html | title=Kennedy's final farewell, "The Age" | accessdate=2008-01-26 'Brown said Mr Chisholm, who maintained a strong friendship with Kennedy from their Channel Nine years, offered to pay his expenses when he needed round-the-clock care. "For a long time, it looked as if all of Graham's money . . . would disappear, because it's very expensive to look after someone 24 hours a day", Brown said."So Sam Chisholm decided he would help Graham out by supporting him for a year."'] .

However, Kennedy's will reportedly left a seven-figure sum to the Sydney City Mission. [cite web | url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/broke-kennedys-big-gift/2005/06/26/1119724515879.html | title='Broke' Kennedy's big gift | accessdate=2007-04-29]

Decline

On 2 February 2004, "The Daily Telegraph" said:

"The king of Australian TV Graham Kennedy will celebrate his 70th birthday next weekend with a few close friends. The low-key affair is expected to be at the Kenilworth Nursing Home at Bowral where Kennedy has lived since taking a nasty tumble a few years ago. Physically he's not in terrific shape. He can't walk any more and gets around in a wheelchair as a result of the diabetes and the years of heavy smoking."

Actor Graeme Blundell, who had worked with Kennedy on the movie "The Odd Angry Shot", published a biography of Kennedy, "King: The Life and Comedy of Graham Kennedy" (McMillan, 2003). A newspaper report stated that Kennedy "passed on his best wishes but declined to be involved 'for no particular reason [...] other than he believes he has a limited memory of many of the facts of his life'." [cite web | url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/05/03/1051876902018.html | title='Here's Graham', "The Age", 3 May 2003 | accessdate=2008-09-16] The book, which was completed before Kennedy's death, ends with "Graham read them [chapters of an early draft] ... asked if he wished to read any more, 'No', Graham Kennedy said. 'I know how it ends.'"

In 2001 Kennedy's friend and "Coast to Coast" colleague, John Mangos, was reported as saying:

"I can say to his beloved fans that they won't see Graham again. He won't appear publicly again; he is in his twilight. He has made a personal decision to disappear quietly into the sunset." [cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20011110111243/http://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/2001/11/10/FFXXQ1YTSTC.html | title=The Age, November 11, 2001: "The King is not dead" by Melissa Fyfe | accessdate=2008-02-04(www.archive.org)]

Death

At 4:30am on 25 May 2005, Kennedy died at age 71 at the Kenilworth Nursing Home, Bowral, from complications from pneumonia. [ [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200505/s1376256.htm ABC-TV News] ]

John Mangos wrote in "The Bulletin":

:"A week before his 69th birthday, he was bedridden and infirm. His wasted and frail, aching body could take no more. I paid a short and emotional visit. Still, the ashtray was by his bedside next to a radio tuned to ABC Radio National. I leaned over to kiss him on the forehead and he whispered, 'Don’t get too close, it hurts"'." [Mangos, John: op. cit.]

He also wrote:

:"I was often asked if he had cancer or AIDS. In fact at 67, he had diabetes, some rheumatism, the odd creaky joint, a healthy capacity to whinge and the usual symptoms connected with smoking and drinking. But by now the horses were gone and the dog had died. He was eating less and drinking more. One night, he fell down the stairs. He was discovered the next morning on the floor by his housekeeper. He was rushed to the local hospital where pneumonia in one lung was treated effectively and efficiently, a fracture near his hip was repaired and he was diagnosed with brain damage. We were to learn he had Korsakoff's syndrome (an alcohol-related condition) and we decided to keep it private." [Mangos, John: op. cit.]

Korsakoff's syndrome is a form of amnesia seen in chronic alcoholics; briefly stated, victims eat too little and drink too much.

Hinch controversy

After his death controversial radio broadcaster Derryn Hinch alleged that Kennedy had died from an AIDS-related disease. This was strenuously denied by his friends and carers Noeline Brown and Tony Sattler, and as a result Kennedy's biographer Graeme Blundell then published Kennedy's medical records, including a recent negative HIV test, to disprove this allegation. Hinch fought back saying he didn't say Kennedy had AIDS, but that he was homosexual, had symptoms similar to those of Kaposi's Sarcoma, and died of pneumonia, thus implying Kennedy's death was AIDS-related.

Funeral

Tony Sattler offered the Nine Network the right to televise the funeral but it declined, claiming it could not justify the cost of the outside broadcast. The Seven Network accepted, and gave coverage free of charge to the Nine Network. Hence, the one-hour funeral service was aired simultaneously across both Seven and Nine Networks.

Stuart Wagstaff presented the funeral, which was attended by many of Kennedy's friends, colleagues and associates on the morning of May 31, 2005 in a small community theatre in the town of Mittagong.

Wagstaff's eulogy alluded to the claims made by Derryn Hinch about the cause of Kennedy's death:

"Delivering a eulogy for a close friend and for someone who was so much admired is never a happy occasion. Though I must confess I would be quite happy to deliver a eulogy for a certain media personality who's tried the second Kennedy assassination of our time... and failed." [ cite web | url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,15471683-662,00.html | title=Last laugh for the King of TV | accessdate=2008-01-26] [cite web | url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/People/Classic-variety-hour-farewell/2005/05/31/1117305621699.html | title=Classic variety hour farewell | accessdate=2008-01-26 ]

Kennedy had never explicitly stated that he was homosexual, but at his funeral, his friends were at last free to make jokes, in a friendly way.

"The Age" of June 26, 2005 reported John Mangos as saying that he "knew Kennedy wanted his ashes scattered at sea. And that wish was carried out." This was confirmed in a [http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/08/01/1122748579130.html?oneclick=true report] in The Sydney Morning Herald on August 2, 2005 which stated that Kennedy's ashes were scattered in the sea at Kiama attended by a group which included "Noelene Brown, Tony Sattler, John Mangos, Stuart Wagstaff, Kennedy's former housekeeper Sally Baker-Beall and her husband John, and old friends Christine and Nicholas Deeprose."

Legacy

Four of Graham Kennedy's television shows were named in the program "50 Years 50 Shows" which counted-down the top 50 Australian TV shows of all time, as decided by ratings data and the opinions of one hundred television industry professionals, on Australia's Nine Network on 25 September 2005. Kennedy's "In Melbourne Tonight" topped the poll, "Power Without Glory" was #15, "Blankety Blanks" was #20, and "Coast to Coast" ranked #42.

In the Australia Day honours of 26 January, 2006, Kennedy was posthumously appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO), for "service to the entertainment industry as an actor, comedian and presenter significantly influencing the development of the radio, television and film industries in Australia, and to the community" [cite web | url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1131313&search_type=quick&showInd=true | title=Australian Government "It's an Honour" site | month=August | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-08-25] . The award was made effective from 5 May 2005.

Telemovie "The King"

A telemovie examining Kennedy's life titled "The King" began filming in December 2006. It stars Stephen Curry as Kennedy and Stephen Hall as Bert Newton, with Garry McDonald, Shaun Micallef, Steve Bisley, Jane Allsop as Noeline Brown, Beau Brady, Leo Taylor as Sir Frank Packer, and Bernard Curry as John Wesley.

The project, which cost $AUD2.1 million, premiered on May 20, 2007 on TV1 (becoming the highest-rating drama to be shown on pay-TV) to heavy criticism by Kennedy's friends. Tony Sattler and his wife, actor Noeline Brown, Kennedy's closest friends, said they were mortified by the movie. "The film was obsessed with his homosexuality. I don't think people cared about that....He was Australia's most famous, successful entertainer but how much do we see of that in the film? We see f--- all of it." [ [http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,21772114-5006023,00.html Graham Kennedy's mates slam film] Herald Sun May 22, 2007] The Nine Network screened the film on August 27, 2007 . [ cite web | url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/the-abc-of-auntys-role-in-gragras-film/2007/03/26/1174761379944.html | title=The ABC of Aunty's role in Gra-Gra's film | accessdate=2007-04-29]

ee also

*GTV-9
*In Melbourne Tonight
*The Graham Kennedy Show
*Bert Newton
*Don Lane

References

Further reading

*cite book
first = Graeme
last = Blundell
authorlink = Graeme Blundell
year = 2003
title = King: The Life and Comedy of Graham Kennedy
publisher = Pan Macmillan
location = Sydney
id = ISBN 0-7329-1165-6

*cite book
first = Bert
last = Newton
authorlink = Bert Newton
year = 1977
title = Bert! Bert Newton's Own Story
publisher = Garry Sparkes & Associates
location = Toorak, Victoria, Australia
id = ISBN 0-9080-8124-3

*cite book
first = Gerald
last = Stone
authorlink = Gerald Stone
year = 2000
title = Compulsive Viewing: The inside story that rocked the TV industry
publisher = Penguin
location = Sydney
id = ISBN 0-7329-1165-6

*cite book
first = Nancy
last = Lee
authorlink =
year = 1979
title = Being a Chum was Fun: the Story of Nancy Lee
publisher = Listen & Learn Productions
location = Melbourne
id = ISBN 0-9596-1361-7

*cite book
first = Rob
last = Astbury
authorlink = Rob Astbury
year = 2006
title = King and I
publisher = DNA Publishers
location = Sydney
url = http://ww.kingandi.com.au
id = ISBN 0-646-46454-X

External links

* [http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2003/s851452.htm Graham Kennedy biography (ABC)]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200505/s1376256.htm ABC news obituary including video and audio links]
* [http://colsearch.nfsa.afc.gov.au/nfsa/search/summary/summary.w3p;adv=yes;group=;groupequals=;page=0;parentid=;query=Number%3A354114%20|%20Number%3A351576%20|%20Number%3A353394%20|%20Number%3A352813%20|%20Number%3A355040%20|%20Number%3A351927%20|%20Number%3A352336%20|%20Number%3A351271%20|%20Number%3A350997%20|%20Number%3A350755%20|%20Number%3A350340%20|%20Number%3A373422%20|%20Number%3A428869%20|%20Number%3A428881%20|%20Number%3A428873%20|%20Number%3A428880;querytype=;resCount=10 Graham Kennedy at the National Film and Sound Archive]
* [http://www.laughterlog.com/Personalities/per-gkennedy.HTM Laughterlog.com] - Biography with list of radio, television and film appearances
* [http://www.australianotr.com.au/ValeGG.asp Vale Graham Kennedy] - includes rare early recordings of Whitta with Kennedy
* [http://www.australianscreen.com.au/titles/blainey-view-footprints/clip1/ Blainey - The first inhabitants] - Kennedy voiceover
* [http://www.australianscreen.com.au/titles/blainey-view-footprints/clip2/ Blainey - Bush medicine] - Kennedy voiceover

Persondata
NAME=Kennedy, Graham Cyril
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Entertainer
DATE OF BIRTH=15 February 1934
PLACE OF BIRTH=Melbourne
DATE OF DEATH=25 May 2005
PLACE OF DEATH=Bowral, New South Wales, Australia