Graham T. Allison

Graham Tillett Allison, Jr. (born 23 March 1940) is an American political scientist renowned for his contribution in the late 1960s and early 1970s to the bureaucratic analysis of decision making, especially during times of crisis. Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism.

Biography

A native of Charlotte, North Carolina, Allison graduated from Harvard University in 1962 with an A.B., completed a B.A. and M.A. at Oxford University as a Marshall Scholar in 1964, then returned to Harvard to earn a PhD degree in political science in 1968.

Allison has spent his entire academic career at Harvard, as an assistant professor (1968), associate professor (1970), then full professor (1972) in the department of government. He was dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government from 1977 to 1989, during which time the School increased in size by 400% and its endowment increased by 700%. Allison is presently Douglas Dillon Professor of Government, and Director for the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.

Allison has also been a fellow of the Center for Advanced Studies (1973-1974); consultant for the RAND Corporation; member of the Council on Foreign Relations; member of the visiting committee on foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution (1972-1977); and a member of the Trilateral Commission (1974-1984). He was among those mentioned to succeed David Rockefeller as President of the Council on Foreign Relations.

Analyst work

Allison has been heavily involved in U.S. defense policy since working as an advisor and consultant to the Pentagon in the 1960s. He has been a member of the Secretary of Defense's Defense Policy Board from 1985. He was a special advisor to the Secretary of Defense (1985-1987) and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy and Plans (1993-1994), where he coordinated strategy and policy towards the states of the former Soviet Union. President Bill Clinton awarded Allison the Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service, for "reshaping relations with Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan to reduce the former Soviet nuclear arsenal." He was also an informal advisor to Michael Dukakis's 1988 presidential campaign.

Academic work

Allison is best known as a political scientist for his book "Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis" (1971), in which he developed two new theoretical paradigms - an organizational process model and a bureaucratic politics model - to compete with then-prevalent approach of understanding foreign policy decision making using a rational actor model. "Essence of Decision" swiftly revolutionized the study of decision making in political science and beyond.

Bibliography

*"Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis". 1969. "American Political Science Review" 63(3): 689-718.
*"Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis". 1971. Little, Brown.
*"Bureaucratic Politics: A Paradigm and Some Policy Implications." 1972. "World Politics" 24:40-79. (with Morton H. Halperin).
*"Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection". 1976. Basic Books. (with Peter Szanton).
*"Sharing International Responsibility Among the Trilateral Countries". 1983. Trilateral Commission. (with Nobuhiko Ushiba and Thierry de Montbrial).
*"Hawks, Doves and Owls: An Agenda for Avoiding Nuclear War". 1985. W.W. Norton. (edited with Albert Carnesale and Joseph Nye Jr).
*"Windows of Opportunity: From Cold War to Peaceful Competition." 1989. Ballinger. (edited with William Ury).
*"Rethinking America's Security: Beyond Cold War to New World Order". 1992. W.W. Norton. (edited with Gregory Treverton).
*"Avoiding Nuclear Anarchy: Containing the Threat of Loose Russian Nuclear Weapons and Fissile Material". 1996. MIT Press.
*" [http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/05/books/review/05HOGEL.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print&position=&oref=slogin Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe] ". 2004. Henry Holt.

ources

*Welch, David. 1993. "Graham Allison." In "American Political Scientists: A Dictionary", eds. G. Utter and C. Lockhart. Greenwood Press.
*This article incorporates copyrighted text from [http://www.doom-chronicle.co.uk Doom Chronicle] , used by permission of the author.

External links

*http://www.huffingtonpost.com/graham-allison/ - Graham Allison's post at HuffPo
*http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/experts/199/graham_allison.html - Graham Allison's Official Harvard Bio