Colorado Central Railroad

The Colorado Central Railroad was a U.S. railroad company that operated in Colorado and southeastern Wyoming in the late 19th century. Originally founded in the Colorado Territory in the wake of the Colorado Gold Rush to ship gold from the mountains, it eventually expanded from its initial Golden–Denver line to form a crucial link connecting Colorado with the transcontinental railroad and the national rail network. The history of the railroad throughout the 1870s was driven at times by a fierce struggle between local interests, led by W.A.H. Loveland, and outside investors of the Union Pacific Railroad led at times by Jay Gould. The early struggle of the company to build its lines was a major part of the early competition between Denver and Golden for supremacy as the principal metropolis of Colorado.

The company built the first rail lines up connecting historic Colorado mining communities such as Black Hawk, Central City, and Idaho Springs. Through a series of reorganizations and acquisitions, it eventually became part of the Colorado and Southern Railway. Although its historic mountain lines were dismantled by the mid 20th century, its connecting lines on the Colorado Eastern Plains survive as active lines of BNSF Railway.

History

The railroad was chartered as the Colorado and Clear Creek Railroad Company on February 9, 1865 by Loveland and other entrepreneurs in the town of Golden, which at time was the capital of the Colorado Territory. Loveland and his partners desired to build a 4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge) railroad up Clear Creek Canyon to Central City and other mining centers, as well as to connect to nearby Denver and Boulder. It would three years before actual construction on the line began, during which time company underwent several reorganizations. On January 20, 1866, the name of the railroad was changed to the Colorado Central & Pacific Railroad. The following year, in June 1867, the company was reorganized with Union Pacific investors in control, but providing no funds for construction. In that same year, the capital of the Colorado Territory was shifted from Golden to Denver.

On January 1, 1868, construction at last began on the first line connecting Denver and Golden. On January 14, the company changed its name to Colorado Central Railroad. Construction of the initial line was slow. By the end of the year, only the small portion (less than 12 miles) between Denver and Golden had been graded. In the meantime, Territorial Governor John Evans and other business leaders in Denver had formed the Denver Pacific Railway in May 1868 with the intention of building a rail line from Denver to Cheyenne. The formation of the Denver Pacific set off an intense struggle over the next two years between the two companies to complete their lines connecting to Union Pacific. By the following year, the success of the Denver Pacific investors in persuading the United States Congress to grant them land allowing them to construct a line throughout the South Platte River valley to Cheyenne made it evident that Denver would prevail over Golden. The Denver Pacific line was complete in June 1870 and the first train arrived in Denver from Cheyenne, bypassing Golden completely. Two months later, the Kansas Pacific completed its line to Denver, linking up with the Denver Pacific, and cementing the central role of Denver in Colorado.

As a consequence, the Colorado Central turned its attention towards linking up with the Denver Pacific and Kansas Pacific lines. On September 24, 1870, the company achieved its first success with the completion of the standard gauge line from Golden to "Jersey Junction", the junction of the Kansas Pacific and Denver Pacific lines located approximately 3 miles north of Denver.

In May 1871 local interests regained control of the railroad from Union Pacific investors. By the following September, 150 men were at work in the mountains west of Golden to extend the line to the mining communities. In the spring of 1872 the company acquired critical right-of-way along Clear Creek to extend its line. In late August, the company took delivery of its first two locomotives (both 0-4-0T), the General Sherman, No. 2, followed a week later by General Sheridan, No. 1. On September 1, the track was completed 13.3 miles to Forks Creek. By mid-December, the line had been extended 7.7 miles further to Black Hawk. By February 24, 1873, a second line from Forks Creek had been extended 3.3 miles to Floyd Hill.

In September, the company's shop in Golden produced the first passenger car in Colorado. On May 11, 1874, the company took delivery of an 18 ton mogul from Dawson & Baily. The new locomotive replaces the "Sheridan" as the #1 locomotive.

The see-saw battle for control of the company between local and outside interests continued during the expansion of its lines into the mountains. By the spring of 1873, Jay Gould and other Union Pacific investors had contributed a large financial stake in the railroad, but the company was still controlled by Loveland. The nationwide financial collapse the following year practically halted new construction on the company lines, instigating a period of legal struggles for control of the near-bankrupt enterprise. In 1875, in the midst of the Depression, the Union Pacific controlled three-fourths of the company stock. In April, at a company board meeting, Union Pacific proxies voted to lease the company to the Kansas Pacific. The following month, the company board of directors repudiated the agreement by voiding the votes of the Union Pacific proxies on a technicality. The board re-establishes Loveland as president. On May 21, 1876, Loveland's forces seize physical control of assets of the Kansas Pacific. In retaliation, the Union Pacific sues the company, forcing it into receivership, during which time Loveland fights to keep control of the company through numerous court proceedings. In February 1877, the Union Pacific relinquished control to Loveland once again.

In 1877, with Loveland once again in control, and with the national Depression receding, the company began expanding its lines once again.

See also

• Gilpin tramway

External links

• History of the Colorado Central Railroad
• Guide to Views Along Colorado Railroad Lines, circa 1875 at The Bancroft Library