1996 Air Africa crash

Infobox Airliner accident
Crash

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Image caption= A Croatian Air Force Antonov 32B
name = 1996 Air Africa crash
Date = January 6 1996
Type = Failed takeoff, Runway overrun
Site = N'Dolo Airport, Kinshasa, DRC (then Zaire)
Fatalities = 297 (est)including 2/6 on the aircraft)
Injuries = ca 500 (est)
Aircraft Type= Antonov An-32B
Operator = Moscow Airways opf Air Africa
Tail Number = RA-26222
Passengers = unknown (16 in the flight manifest)
Crew = 6
Survivors = 4

On 6 January 1996 an overloaded Air Africa or African Air Antonov An-32B wet leased from Moscow Airways destined for Kahemba Airport failed to takeoff from N'Dolo Airport and overshot the runway into the crowded Simbazikita street market, killing an estimated 297.

The aircraft was operating out of license, according to the Russian Air Transport Department.

Background

After decades of conflicts in sub-saharan Africa, the air transport business is complex and often illegal. Johan Peleman explains:

The relationship between the charterers, who operate the plane, the shipping agent who organises the delivery for his clients and the company that actually owns the plane, is often very complex. This makes it difficult to see which of the contracting parties is actually responsible for the illegal aspects of the transactions. The Antonov that crashed in Kinshasa in January 1996 was operated by African Air. The company had rented the plane and crew from Scibe, the company of Bemba Saolana. Scibe’s Belgium based sales agent had leased the plane to the company in Zaïre. The Belgian company in turn had contracted with Moscow Airways. [http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/BOOKS/Angola/15Peleman.pdf The logistics of sanctions busting: the airborne component, Johan Peleman, page 303] ]

It has been reported that this flight was carrying weapons to UNITA:

Scibe Airlift, an airline owned by Bemba Saolano and (at least in 1985) Mobutu himself (Forbes, 18 November 1985), was also found to be transporting arms to UNITA when, in January 1996, an Antonov 32 crashed on take-off from Kinshasa en route to Angola, killing an estimated 370 people (Agence France Presse, 10 January 1996). The aircraft and crew, chartered by African Air from Scibe, had, in turn, been leased from Moscow Airways through Scibe’s sales agent, Scibe CMMJ, in Ostend (Washington Post, 21 March 1997). [ [http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/year_b_pdf/2001/2001SASCh3_full_en.pdf "Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem", Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, chapter 3, page 118] ]

Crash

While attempting to take off fully fueled and overloaded from N'Dolo Airport's short runway, the An-32B did not achieve sufficient speed to bring its nose up, yet began to lift. It crashed through the open-air "Simbazikita" produce market, full of shacks, pedestrians, and cars. The fuel load ignited. The number of casualties cited varies from 225 (per the manslaughters charged) to 348. [ [http://pdm.medicine.wisc.edu/Mainzabstracts.html#airplane "An Airplane Crash into Type-K Ndolo Market: What Lesson for the Future?" (abstract)] ]

Aftermath

The first injured went to the Mama Yemo Hospital (now Kinshasa General Hospital, which was quickly overwhelmed. Two other hospitals took the additional victims.

Mobutu and Saolona both attended the funeral on January 10 1996 at the Protestant "Cathedral du Centennaire". [ [http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21296.html "Info-Zaire"] , Number 111 (English) - January 19 1996 (translated from a document produced by Entraide Missionnaire - Montreal]

The Russian pilots, Nicolai Kazarin and Andrei Gouskov were charged and convicted of manslaughter, each receiving the maximum two year sentence. At trial they admitted they were using "borrowed" clearance papers from Scibe Airlift, that they knew the flight was illegal, and that the flight was actually bound for Angola. Scibe Airlift and African Air paid fines of US$1.4 million to the families and the injured. [http://www.airliners.net/articles/read.main?id=90 The Forgotten Disaster in Zaire, William Henry] June 132006]

References

* [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19960108-0 Aviation Safety Network 1996-01-08]
* [http://www.crash-aerien.com/www/database/fiche.php?id=9523 Crash-Arien] (mixed en/fr)
* [http://aeroweb.lucia.it/rap/Airfax/12jan96.html Russian airfax 1996-01-12]

Further reading

*J Rupert, Zaïre reportedly selling arms to Angolan ex-rebels, The Washington Post, 21 March 1997.
* [http://zeus.zeit.de/text/1996/05/Chaos_am_Himmel_ueber_Afrika Chaos am Himmel ueber Afrika "Die Zeit", (May 1996) de icon]
*Bolenge Ngbanzo [http://www.groupelavenir.net/fr/spip.php?article19157 "La place Type-K 'new look': un paradis pour les chasseurs d’immondices"] "l'Avenir", 2008-07-09 fr icon