- Campaign streamer
-
See also: Battle honour
Parade in Lustgarten 9 February 1894 by Carl Röchling; ribbons can be seen attached to the flag in the center.
Campaign streamers are decorations attached to military flags to recognize particular achievements or events of a military unit or service. Attached to the headpiece of the assigned flag, the streamer often is an inscribed ribbon with the name and date denoting participation in a particular battle, military campaign, or theater of war; the ribbon's colors are chosen accordingly and frequently match an associated campaign medal or ribbon bar. They often are physical manifestations of battle honours, though this does not mean all streamers are battle honours (e.g. gala or parade streamers not connected to a battle). They should not be confused with a tassel, which is usually purely decorative in nature.
The armed forces of Germany, the United States, the former Soviet Union and others have engaged in awarding streamers. Historically Prussia and Austria-Hungary have also used streamers in this manner.
Contents
United States
Display of streamers from the Flag of the United States Marine CorpsThe United States Army established campaign streamers in 1928, the United States Marine Corps established campaign streamers in 1939, the United States Air Force established campaign streamers in 1956, the United States Coast Guard established campaign streamers in 1968, and finally the United States Navy established campaign streamers in 1971. These streamers are not just used on flags representing the entire service, but also on flags representing units of battalion size and up.
Many of the practices relative to streamers and their display are similar among the services. There are, however, differences, particularly regarding the number of streamers and use of embroidered devices. The Army carries a separate streamer for each important action in all wars in which that service has participated, each embroidered with the name of the action commemorated. Currently, the Army allows more than 150 streamers, and the Air Force, employing the Army system, carries more than 60. Unlike the Army-Air Force practice, the Marines and Navy use one ribbon for each war, campaign, or theater of operations. Specific actions or battles are highlighted by bronze and silver stars embroidered on the ribbon. The Marine Corps shows more than 40 streamers, the Navy 32, and the Coast Guard uses 43, unadorned by either stars or lettering. Stars on the Marines and Navy streamers follow the practice initiated during the World War II period for ribbons and medals—that is, a bronze service star for each action, and a silver star in lieu of five bronze stars. The Navy applies stars to appropriate ribbons throughout its history, whereas the Marine Corps uses stars to commemorate service starting from 1900. The Navy's Presidential Unit Citation, Navy Unit Commendation, and Meritorious Unit Commendation streamers each carry a red number rather than stars, representing the number of times that the respective award has been conferred upon Navy units.
Generally, streamers are 3 feet (0.91 m) long and 2.75 inches (7.0 cm) wide. Where a medal has been awarded for a particular war or service, the coloring and design of the streamer are the same as the ribbon from which the medal is suspended. Conflicts and operations for which no medal was issued have ribbons specially designed for use as streamers.
Images
Campaigns
-
Revolutionary War
-
Quasi-War with France
-
Operations Against West Indian Pirates
-
Mexican War
-
Civil War, Union unit
-
Civil War, Confederate unit
Additionally, units that have been awarded citation or decoration may carry the associated streamer. Foreign awards are last in precedence.
-
Chryssoun Aristion Andrias (Bravery Gold Medal of Greece)
-
Luxembourg War Cross (WWII)
See also
- General
- Other campaign related items
- Campaign medal
- Campaign clasp
External articles
Categories:- Vexillology
- Military terminology
- Military awards and decorations of the United States
-
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
