- Lustgarten
The "Lustgarten" ("Pleasure Garden") is a park on
Museum Island in centralBerlin , near the site of the formerBerliner Stadtschloss (Berlin City Palace) of which it was originally a part. At various times in its history, the park has been used as a parade ground, a place for mass rallies and a public park.The area of the Lustgarten was originally developed in the 16th century as a kitchen garden attached to the Palace, then the residence of the
Elector of Brandenburg , the core of the laterKingdom of Prussia . After the devastation of Germany during theThirty Years War ,Berlin was redeveloped by Friedrich Wilhelm (the Great Elector) and his Dutch wife,Luise Henriette of Nassau . It was Luise, with the assistance of a military engineerJohann Mauritz and a landscape gardenerMichael Hanff , who, in 1646, converted the former kitchen garden into a formal garden, with fountains and geometric paths, and gave it its current name.In 1713, Friedrich Wilhelm I became King of Prussia and set about converting Prussia into a militarised state. He ripped out his grandmother's garden and converted the Lustgarten into a sand-covered parade ground:
Pariser Platz near theBrandenburg Gate andLeipziger Platz were also laid out as parade grounds at this time. In 1790, Friedrich Wilhelm II allowed the Lustgarten to be turned back into a park, but during French occupation of Berlin in 1806 Napoleon again drilled troops there.In the early 19th century, the enlarged and increasingly wealthy Kingdom of Prussia undertook major redevelopments of central Berlin. A large, new classical building, the Old Museum, was built at the north-western end of the Lustgarten by the leading architect,
Karl Friedrich Schinkel , and between 1826 and 1829 the Lustgarten was redesigned byPeter Joseph Lenné , with formal paths dividing the park into six sectors. A 13-metre high fountain in the centre, operated by a steam engine, was one of the marvels of the age. Between 1894 and 1905, the old Protestant church on the northern side of the park was replaced by a much larger building, theBerlin Cathedral (in German, "Berliner Dom"), designed byJulius Carl Raschdorff . In 1871, the fountain was replaced by a large equestrian statue of Friedrich Wilhelm III.During the years of the
Weimar Republic , the Lustgarten was frequently used for political demonstrations. The Socialists and Communists held frequent rallies there. In August 1921, 500,000 people demonstrated against right-wing extremist violence. After the murder of Foreign MinisterWalther Rathenau in June 1922, 250,000 protested in the Lustgarten. In February, 1933, 200,000 people demonstrated against the newNazi Party regime ofAdolf Hitler : shortly afterwards public opposition to the regime was banned. Under the Nazis, the Lustgarten was converted into a site for mass rallies. In 1934, it was paved over and the equestrian statue removed. Hitler addressed mass rallies of up to a million people there.By the end of
World War II in 1945, the Lustgarten was a bomb-pitted wasteland. TheGerman Democratic Republic left Hitler's paving in place, but planted lime trees around the parade ground to reduce its militaristic appearance. The whole area was renamed "Marx-Engels-Platz". The City Palace was demolished and later replaced by the modernistPalace of the Republic on part of the site.A movement to restore the Lustgarten to its earlier role as a park began once Germany was reunified in 1991. In 1997, the
Berlin Senate commissioned the landscape architectHans Loidl to redesign the area in the spirit of Lenné's design and construction work began in 1998. The Lustgarten now features fountains and is once again a park in the heart of a reunited Berlin.External links
*de icon [http://www.dhm.de/sammlungen/zendok/lustgarten/index.html Historical images of the Lustgarten]
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