Boarmiini

Boarmiini
Adult Hypomecis lunifera in Osaka (Japan)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Geometridae
Subfamily:	Ennominae
Tribe:	Boarmiini Duponchel, 1845
Genera
Many, see text
Synonyms
[1] Ascotinae Warren, 1893 Ascotini Warren, 1893 Boarmites Duponchel, 1845 Cleorini Duponchel, 1845 Cleorites Duponchel, 1845 Fidoniini Duponchel, 1845 Fidonites Duponchel, 1845 and see text

The Boarmiini (also often called Cleorini) are a large tribe of geometer moths in the Ennominae subfamily.

Description and systematics

This family is sometimes massively expanded, with the closely related Bistonini, Bupalini, Erannini, Gnophini, Melanolophini, Phaseliini and Theriini all merged into it. The eggs of all these geometer moths have the chorion cells characteristically arranged in longitudinal rows. The eggs of the Boarmiini in the narrow sense usually have a typical slender and narrow shape, with a soft chorion consisting of heavy-walled but unridged polygonal cells. However, in Cleora for example, the eggs approach the wide-walled shape found in many Bistonini. Adding further to the uncertainty is the fact that the Alsophilinae, usually treated as a small subfamily in their own right, might actually be a specialized lineage of Boarmiini; though their caterpillars are quite different, their pupae have a peculiar T-shaped cremaster which very much resembles that of the Boarmiini.^[2]

Boarmiini in the narrow sense are typically slender geometer moths that rest with the wings spread out flatly and do not tuck the hindwings under the forewings while at rest. Typically, they are cryptically colored and rather dark, with brownish-grey hues predominating; in many, there are two or three weak wavy bands extending across the wings and forming a rough semicircle when the moths are at rest. Though they all look quite similar in habitus, there are few unequivocal characters that can be easily used to recognize adult members of this tribe. The females of many species have a conspicuously long ovipositor for hiding away the typical soft-shelled eggs. The valva and harpe (or "clasper") of the male genitalia are highly complex in almost all species and often bear various extensions. The juxta is typically well-developed, large and extended. Their caterpillars are rarely plump, and apparently at least some mimic twigs or thin leaves.

Selected genera

Adult male Neoalcis californiaria, one of the many species only tentatively placed in the Boarmiini

As numerous ennomine genera have not yet been unequivocally assigned to a tribe, the genus list is preliminary.^[3]

Abaciscus Adactylotis (tentatively placed here) Aethalura Afriberina (tentatively placed here) Alcis Amblychia Amraica Anacamptodes (tentatively placed here) Anavitrinella Apophyga Arichanna Ascotis Athroolopha (tentatively placed here) Boarmacaria Bornealcis Bracca Bryoptera Calamodes (tentatively placed here) Calicha Calichodes Calcyopa Stüning, 2000 (tentatively placed here) Catoria Chorodna Chrysoblephara Cleora Cleorodes Coremecis Craspedosis Crocota Cusiala Dalima Dasyboarmia Dasyfidonia (tentatively placed here) Dasypteroma (tentatively placed here) Deileptenia Didymoctenia[verification needed] Dilophodes Dioptidae[verification needed] Diplurodes Ecleora (tentatively placed here) Ectropidia Ectropis Ekboarmia (tentatively placed here) Ematurga

Ephemerophila Epimecis (tentatively placed here) Erebomorpha Eumannia Euphronarcha[verification needed] Eurranthis (tentatively placed here) Eutomopepla Exeliopsis Exelis (tentatively placed here) Fagivorina Gasterocome Gastrinodes[verification needed] Glaucina (tentatively placed here) Glena (tentatively placed here) Glenoides (tentatively placed here) Habermannia[verification needed] Hesperumia (tentatively placed here) Heterarmia Hymenomima Hypomecis (including Boarmia) Hyposidra (tentatively placed here) Iridopsis (tentatively placed here) Ithysia Iulotrichia Jankowskia Krananda Lassaba Lophobates Megalycinia Megametopon Melanchroia Melanolophia Melanoscia Menophra Microcalicha Milionia Myrioblephara Necyopa Neoalcis (tentatively placed here) Neofidonia Nigriblephara Nychiodes Odysia Ophthalmitis

Orthofidonia (tentatively placed here)[verification needed] Paraboarmia Paradarisa Parectropis Peribatodes Phaselia Phelotis[verification needed] Pherotesia Phthonosema Phyllometra Physocleora Pimaphera (tentatively placed here) Pogonopygia Praesos Prochasma Protoboarmia Pseudalcis Pseuderannis Pseudocoremia (tentatively placed here) Psilalcis Psilosticha[verification needed] Racotis Rikiosatoa Ruttellerona Sardocyrnia[verification needed] (tentatively placed here) Satoblephara Sciadia (tentatively placed here) Scioglyptis[verification needed] Scotorythra[verification needed] Selidosema Spartopteryx Stenoporpia (tentatively placed here) Syneora[verification needed] Synopsia Sysstema Tephronia Thoyowpongia Tornos (tentatively placed here) Xandrames Zanclomenophra Zanclopera Zernyia (tentatively placed here)

In addition, the genera Acrodontis and Xerodes (usually placed in Ennomini), as well as Monocerotesa (usually in Macariini) are placed in the Boarmiini by some authors. "Boarmia" penthearia however appears to belong to the Macariini.^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^ Forum Herbulot (2008)
2. ^ Holloway (1994), Young (2008)
3. ^ See references in Savela (2008)
4. ^ Young (2008)

References

• Forum Herbulot (2008): Family group names in Geometridae. Retrieved 2008-JUL-22.
• Holloway, J.D. (1994): The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae. London.
• Savela, Markku (2008): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Ennominae. Version of 2008-MAR-08. Retrieved 2008-JUL-21.
• Young, Catherine J. (2008): Characterisation of the Australian Nacophorini using adult morphology, and phylogeny of the Geometridae based on morphological characters. Zootaxa 1736: 1-141. PDF abstract and excerpt