William W. Chapman

Infobox Politician
name = William Williams Chapman

---

imagesize = 175px
caption = W. W. Chapman
office = Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives
from Iowa's At-large congressional district
termstart = September 10, 1838
termend = October 27, 1840
constituency = Iowa Territory
nominator =
appointer =
predecessor = position created
successor = Augustus C. Dodge
office2 = Member of the Oregon Territorial Legislature
constituency2 = Champeog County
termstart2 = 1849
termend2 = 1849
predecessor2 =
successor2 =
office3 = Member of the Oregon House of Representatives
constituency3 = Multnomah County
termstart3 = 1868
termend3 = 1869
predecessor3 =
successor3 =
birthdate = August 11, 1808
birthplace = Clarksburg, Virginia
deathdate = death date and age|mf=yes|1892|10|18|1808|8|11
deathplace = Portland, Oregon
party = Democrat
spouse = Margaret F. Ingraham

William Williams Chapman (August 11, 1808–October 18, 1892) was an American politician and lawyer in Oregon and Iowa. He was born and raised in Virginia. He served as a United States Attorney in Iowa when it was part of the Michigan and Wisconsin territories, and then represented the Iowa Territory in the United States House of Representatives. He later immigrated to the Oregon Country, where he served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature.

After settling in Portland he helped to found "The Oregonian" newspaper and promoted economic interests in the city. He also was involved with building Canyon Road near Portland, and fought in the Rogue River War in Oregon. In later years he served in the Oregon Legislative Assembly and promoted the expansion of railroads from Portland. Chapman Square, a park in downtown Portland, is named for him and was built on land he sold to the city.

Early life

William Chapman was born in Clarksburg, Virginia, (now West Virginia) on August 11, 1808.Corning, Howard M. (1989). "Dictionary of Oregon History". Binfords & Mort Publishing. p. 51.] His father died when William was fourteen, at which time he left home to earn his own way.Colmer, Montagu, and Charles Erskine Scott Wood. 1910. "History of the Bench and Bar of Oregon". Portland, Or: Historical Pub. Co. pp. 263-264.] He was educated in the public schools, and then took a job as a court clerk, while studying law on his own time. In 1832, after reading law, he earned his law license and began practice in Middleton.

Chapman married Margaret F. Ingraham in 1832, and had seven children with her. They moved to Macomb, Illinois in 1833, then Burlington, Iowa in 1835, where they were among the first settlers. The next year he became a prosecuting attorney, and was then appointed by United States President Andrew Jackson as United States Attorney for the Michigan Territory, which Iowa was still a part of at that time.

Iowa

In 1836, the Wisconsin Territory was formed from the western section of the Michigan Territory. Chapman became the first U.S. Attorney for this new territory when it was created. [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000318 William Williams Chapman.] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved February 15, 2008.] He was elected as colonel of the militia in 1836 after moving to Dubuque, Iowa. Then in 1838, the Iowa Territory was carved from the Wisconsin Territory.

Chapman was elected to the United States House of Representatives from the Iowa Territory’s At-large district. A Democrat, he served from September 10, 1838 to October 27, 1840, spanning the 25th and 26th sessions of Congress. While in Congress he introduced legislation for a pre-emption law, the first to do so in Congress.

After his term expired, Chapman returned to Iowa, relocating in 1843 to Agency City in Wapello County. In 1844, he served as a delegate to Iowa’s Constitutional Convention, which was held in Iowa City and led to the entry of Iowa into the Union as the 29th state in 1846. Chapman left Iowa in 1847, traveling the Oregon Trail to the Oregon Country.

Oregon

He left in May and arrived in November of what was still the unorganized Oregon Country. At this time the region was under the jurisdiction of the United States after the settling of the Oregon boundary dispute with Great Britain the previous year. In Oregon, Chapman settled first in what was then Marysville, and is now Corvallis, in the Willamette Valley. In 1848, he relocated to Salem, where he learned of the California Gold Rush while at court at Knox Butte. Chapman went to California for a brief time and had some success in the gold fields before returning in 1849 to Oregon, which had become the Oregon Territory in 1848.

He accompanied Joseph Lane, the newly-appointed governor of the territory, on his return trip to Oregon. Chapman was elected to the first session of the Oregon Territorial Legislature later in 1849, representing Champoeg County (now Marion) in the legislature's lower house. [ [http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/legislative/histleg/territorial/1849reg.htm Oregon Legislative Assembly (1st Territorial) 1849 Regular Session.] Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on February 15, 2008.] After the legislature finished its session, he moved to Oregon City and then Portland, both downstream of Salem on the Willamette River. Later in 1849, he took a trip to San Francisco, California, where he recruited Thomas J. Dryer to move to Portland and start a newspaper. He also purchased "The Gold Hunter" newspaper and moved the assets of the paper to Portland. In 1850, "The Oregonian" began publishing as a weekly newspaper in Portland. Dryer served as the publisher with Chapman as a co-founder. Chapman gave the paper its name. The assets of "The Gold Hunter" were used to start the paper.

Chapman purchased land in Portland from Stephen Coffin and Daniel H. Lownsdale in 1850, which he then cleared and built a home. This is now the site of the Multnomah County Courthouse.Leeson, Fred. 1998. "Rose City Justice: A Legal History of Portland, Oregon". Oregon Historical Society Press. pp. 7-10, 36-37.] In Portland, he was a promoter of the city and helped to get Canyon Road built to ensure the city would become the commercial center of Oregon. Chapman practiced law, and in October 1851 he was held in contempt of court by Oregon Supreme Court justice Orville C. Pratt. Chapman was ordered to be sent to jail in the county seat of Hillsboro for 20 days and disbarred, but never went to jail and the order was revoked when Pratt was replaced on the court by justice Thomas Nelson. Chapman had accused Pratt of mistreating lawyers in an affidavit.

Chapman left Portland in 1853 for Fort Umpqua in Southern Oregon. There he engaged in cattle ranching while keeping his Portland law practice. He served as a lieutenant colonel in the militia during the Rogue River War that was fought from 1855 to 1856 against the Native Americans in Southern Oregon. After the war he returned to Corvallis in 1856 before moving to Eugene in 1857. Chapman was appointed as surveyor general of Oregon and served from 1857 to 1861 when he returned to Portland. He left this federal government position due to his opposition to the election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President. Oregon entered the Union as the 33rd state in 1859.

Later years

Upon returning to Portland he built a home at 12th and Jefferson streets in what is now Downtown Portland. Chapman then returned to the practice of law. He also worked to secure Portland’s economic future by promoting the construction of the railroad line to California to link with the transcontinental rail line. From 1870 to 1876 he started three companies with the goal of creating a railroad connecting Portland to the Union Pacific’s transcontinental railroad. Chapman’s proposed line would have traveled through the Columbia River Gorge to The Dalles, Oregon, where it would then travel southeast to Salt Lake City, Utah, linking to the Union Pacific line.

In 1868, he returned to the legislature, representing Multnomah County in the Oregon House of Representatives as a Democrat. [ [http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/legislative/histleg/statehood/1868reg.htm Oregon Legislative Assembly (5th) 1868 Regular Session.] Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on February 15, 2008.] While in the legislature he worked to get a $30,000 government subsidy to purchase and operate a large steam tugboat at the mouth of the Columbia River. This vessel was used to pilot ships across the Columbia Bar and thus improved maritime commerce for Portland. In 1870, he sold two blocks of land in downtown to the City of Portland, which would become the Plaza Blocks between Third and Fourth avenues at Main Street. [http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?PropertyID=99&action=ViewPark Chapman Square.] Portland Parks & Recreation. Retrieved on February 15, 2008.]

William Williams Chapman died in Portland on October 18, 1892, at the age of 84, and was buried at Lone Fir Cemetery in that city. Chapman School in Portland was named in his honor. Chapman Square, part of the Plaza Blocks parks with Lownsdale Square, is also named in his honor.

References

External links

* [http://publications.iowa.gov/archive/00000135/01/history/7-3.html Iowa Official Register]
* [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:History_of_Iowa_From_the_Earliest_Times_to_the_Beginning_of_the_Twentieth_Century/4/46 Wikisource]