Nicola Marschall

Nicola Marschall, Self-portrait (1867)

Nicola Marschall is claimed to be the designer of the first Stars and Bars

Nicola Marschall (1829 – 1917) was a German-American artist who supported the Confederate cause during the American Civil War. He designed the original Confederate flag, the Stars and Bars,^[1] as well as the official grey uniform of the Confederate army.^[2]

Biography

Marschall was born in St. Wendel, Germany in 1829 to a wealthy Prussian family of tobacco merchants. He emigrated to the United States in 1849 through New Orleans, Louisiana, headed for the home of a relative in Mobile, Alabama. In 1851 he relocated to Marion, Alabama, where he began teaching art first at his portrait studio, and then at the Marion Female Seminary.^[1] During this time he briefly returned to Germany to further his art technique.^[2]

Mary Clay Lockett, wife of prominent Marion attorney Napoleon Lockett, requested Marschall to take part in the competition to create a new flag to represent the Confederate States of America. Marschall's design became the first Confederate flag, first raised in Montgomery, Alabama on March 4, 1861.^[1] During the Civil War Marschall served in the Second Regiment of Confederate Engineer Troops, under Samuel Lockett. After the war he returned to Marion and married Martha Eliza Marshall.^[1]

During his career he painted portraits of Jefferson Davis, Abraham Lincoln, Otto von Bismarck, various Southern families, and Confederate and Union soldiers.^[1] He was one of the few who was able to have Nathan Bedford Forrest pose for him. Additionally, he did many landscapes and religious paintings.^[1] He was known to sign and date his portraits using a steel pen while the paint was still wet, at the bottom-right of the portrait.^[3]

Due to the economic depression in the South following the war, he returned to Mobile in 1872. In 1873 he and his family moved to Louisville, Kentucky, as his friends told him it would be an easier place to gain commissions to do portraits.^[2] At the Centennial International Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, he won a medal for his portraits.^[3]

In 1908 he gave up working on portraits.^[2] He died in Louisville on February 24, 1917 and was interred in Cave Hill Cemetery.

Gallery

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  Young Girl with Cat, 1859

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  The Hale Child, 1863

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  Nicola Marschall, 1881

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  Napoleon Lockett, 1883

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  Nicola Marschall grave at Cave Hill Cemetery

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  "Artist of Confederacy": Historical marker at Cave Hill Cemetery about Marschall

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Adams, E. Bryding (21 March 2007). "Nicola Marschall". The Encyclopedia of Alabama. http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1134. Retrieved 20 July 2009. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "Nicola Marschall: Artist of the Deep South". Alabama Department of Archives and History. http://www.archives.state.al.us/marschall/NM_dsth.html. Retrieved 26 September 2009. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Nicola Marschall: Artist of the Deep South: Did you know?". Alabama Department of Archives and History. http://www.archives.state.al.us/marschall/NM_dyk.html. Retrieved 26 September 2009. 

External Links

Sarah Rebecca Robins at the Birmingham Museum of Art

Persondata
Name	Marschall, Nicola
Alternative names
Short description	Confederate Army officer
Date of birth	1829
Place of birth	St. Wendel, Germany
Date of death	1917
Place of death	Louisville, Kentucky