Cotoneaster cambricus

Cotoneaster cambricus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rosaceae
Genus:	Cotoneaster
Species:	C. cambricus
Binomial name
Cotoneaster cambricus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö

Cotoneaster cambricus (Wild Cotoneaster; Welsh: Creigafal y Gogarth "rock apple of Gogath") is a species of Cotoneaster endemic to the Great Orme peninsula in north Wales. It is the only species of Cotoneaster native to the British Isles. It has never been found naturally at any other location. In the past, it was included within the widespread eastern European Cotoneaster integerrimus, but differs from that in genetic profile.^[1][2]

It is a deciduous shrub growing to 1.5 m tall and 2 m broad. The leaves are oval-acute, 1–4cm long, green and thinly pubescent above, densely pubescent below and on the leaf margin, with white hairs. The flowers are produced in corymbs of one to four (occasionally up to seven) together in early to mid spring (earlier than on C. integerrimus), each flower 3 mm diameter, with five white to pale pink petals. The fruit is a red pome 7–11 mm diameter, containing two or three seeds. The seed has a very low germination rate.^[1][2][3]

Status

Cotoneaster cambricus is critically endangered, with only six plants known in the wild, which are not regenerating naturally. This number has been supplemented in recent years by an additional 11 cultivated plants, grown from cuttings and seeds. Reintroduction has so far only had limited success; the 11 additional are the only survivors of 33 plants grown and planted out. The Biodiversity Action Plan for the species calls for this to be increased to 100 plants by 2030. Specimens are also cultivated in a number of botanical gardens. Historically, the species was much more abundant on the Great Orme when it was discovered in 1783. The population was reduced in the 19th century by collectors deliberately digging plants up for their gardens, and more recently by overgrazing by sheep, feral goats, and rabbits, and by invasion by seedlings of other species of Cotoneaster arising from cultivated plants in gardens in nearby towns. It has full legal protection under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.^[2][4][5]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Flora of NW Europe: Cotoneaster cambricus
2. ^ ^{a b c} Species Action Plan: Wild Cotoneaster (pdf file)
3. ^ UK Wild Flowers: Cotoneaster cambricus
4. ^ Species and Habitat Action Plan Assessment Form: Cotoneaster cambricus (pdf file)
5. ^ Biodiversity Action Plan: Cotoneaster cambricus