Military of New France

Military of New France

The Military of New France consisted of a mix of regular soldiers of the French Army, French Navy and Canadien volunteer militia units.

Prior to 1690 most French troops were sent from France, but localization meant by 1690, (In 1669 Louis XIV orderd that all valid men of New France between the ages of 16 and 60 must do mandatory military service so every parish will have its own militia) more were Canadien volunteers and by 1720s mostly Canadiens.[1]

Contents

Installations

Château Saint-Louis

The French and Canadiens built forts from Newfoundland to Louisiana and others captured from the British from the 1600s to the late 1700s. Some were a mix of military post and trading forts.

Fort Chambly 1840
Virtual Museum of Canada Fort Lachine (1913)
Fort Niagara
Fort Saint Jean
  • Fort Saint Joseph 1691-1795
  • Fort Saint Nicholas 1685-
  • Fort Saint Pierre 1731-1812?
  • Fort Sandoské 1747-1763
  • Fort Senneville 1671-1691; 1692-1776
  • Fort Tourette 1683-1763
  • Fort Trempealeau 1685-1731
  • Fort Verchères 1672-
  • Fort Vincennes 1731-1766
  • Fort Ville-Marie 1642-74; demolished 1688

Units

Régiment Carignan-Salières soldier
Régiment de Languedoc soldier
  • French Army
    • Carignan-Salières Regiment (Régiment de Carignan-Salières) - volunteer army unit (1665–1668)
      • François Cottineau, dit Champlaurier, a member of this unit and ancestor of PM Sir Wilfrid Laurier
    • Régiment suisse de Karrer 1722-1745 (Louisbourg); 1747-1749 (Quebec)
      • 176 soldiers and 4 officers 1740s
    • Canadian Voyageurs - militia unit
    • militia artillery corps (2 brigades) - 1723
    • Reserve companies (2 units) - 1750s
    • The Governor General's Guard 1672-1682 - 20 mounted men-at-arms or carabineers for Louis de Buade, Count Frontenac
    • Compagnie des canonniers-bombardiers de Quebec (Gunner and Bombardier Company) 1750-1760 - consisted of 43 gunners/bombers
    • Régiment de la Reine 1755-1760
    • Régiment de Guyenne 1755-1760
    • Régiment de Berry 1755-1760
    • Régiment de Béarn 1755-1760
    • Régiment La Sarre 1755-1760
    • Régiment Royal Roussillon 1755-1760
    • Régiment de Languedoc 1755-1760
      • 2 companies
    • Marechaussee - police unit
  • French Navy
Compagnies Franches de la Marine
    • 28 Compagnies Franches de la Marine (Naval Corps) 1683-1755
      • 30 companies 1750s with 1500 soldiers and 120 officers
    • Compagnies franches de la Marine of Acadia
      • 4 companies with 200 soldiers and 12 officers by 1702
    • Compagnies franches de la Marine of Plaisance
      • 3 companies with 150 soldiers and 9 officers by 1690s
    • Compagnies franches de la Marine on Ile Royale 1710s
      • 24 companies with 1200 soldiers and 96 officers by 1749
    • Bombardiers de la Marine (Navy Bombardiers) 1702-1760s
    • Troupes de la marine (Troops of Marines) 1682-1755
    • Galley Troops (Pertuisaniers des Galères)

Military commanders

General Montcalm

French Royal Navy

Le Pélican

Ranks

  • mounted men-at-arms (carabineers)
  • lieutenant
  • pikeman
  • captain
  • corporal
  • drummer
  • bombardier
  • Sergeant
  • grenadier or artilleryman
  • cornet
  • master gunner
  • gunner
  • archers

Weapons

  • muskets
    • light hunting musket by militia units
    • flintlock muskets by marines
    • matchlock muskets with bayonets by marines
  • swords
  • pike - used by pikemen
  • hatchet - used by militiamen
  • halbard

Ships

A list of ships posted to New France:

  • La Tempête

Ship building in New France 1650s and repair facilities were available in Quebec and Louisburg.

Ships built in Quebec shipyard include:

  • 500-tonne store ship launched on June 4, 1742
  • Caribou, a 700-tonne store ship launched on May 13, 1744
  • Castor, a 26-gun frigate launched on May 16, 1745
  • Carcajou, a 12-gun corvette built in 1744-45
  • Martre, a 22-gun frigate launched on June 6, 1746
  • Saint-Laurent, a 60-gun vessel launched on June 13, 1748
  • Original, a 60-gun vessel - sank when launched on September 2, 1750
  • Algonquin, a 72-gun ship launched in June 1753
  • Abénaquise, a 30-gun frigate launched in the spring of 1756
  • 30-gun frigate begun in 1756 but not completed

References

  1. ^ A Canadian Military Elite is Born

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Military history of France — Napoleon and the Grande Armée receive the surrender of Austrian General Mack after the Battle of Ulm in October 1805. The decisive finale of the Ulm Campaign raised the tally of captured Austrian soldiers to 60,000 …   Wikipedia

  • Military Fuel Service (France) — French Armed Forces …   Wikipedia

  • Military history of France during World War II — History of France …   Wikipedia

  • New France — For the short lived monarchy in South America, see Araucania and Patagonia. For the colony claimed by the Marquis de Rays to exist in New Ireland, see De Rays Expedition. Viceroyalty of New France Vice royauté de Nouvelle France French colony …   Wikipedia

  • New France — the French colonies and possessions in North America up to 1763. * * * Possessions of France in North America from 1534 to the Treaty of Paris in 1763. After the first land claim for France by Jacques Cartier (1534), the company of New France was …   Universalium

  • Governor of New France — The Governor of New France was the viceroy of the King of France in North America. A French noble, he was appointed to govern the colonies of New France, which included Canada, Acadia and Louisiana. The residence of the Governor was at the… …   Wikipedia

  • Louisiana (New France) — Infobox Former Subdivision conventional long name = Louisiana common name = Louisiana subdivision = Division nation = New France image map caption = Map of New France around 1750. national anthem= capital = New Orleans stat area1= stat year1 =… …   Wikipedia

  • Portal:New France — Wikipedia portals: Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Natural sciences People Philosophy Religion Society Technology …   Wikipedia

  • Seigneurial system of New France — The seigneurial system of New France was the semi feudal system of land distribution used in the colonies of New France.Introduction to New FranceThe seigneurial system was introduced to New France in 1627 by Cardinal Richelieu. Under this system …   Wikipedia

  • Lieutenant General of New France — was the military post that governed early New France (and Acadia) from 1603 until 1627. Before 1603, two holders served the post briefly from 1541 to 1603 and vacant from 1543 to 1598. It was replaced by the title of Governor of New France in… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”