Ashbel Smith

Ashbel Smith (August 13, 1805 - January 21, 1886) was a pioneer physician, diplomat and official of the Republic of Texas, Confederate officer and first President of the Board of Regents of the University of Texas.

Early life

Smith was born on August 13, 1805 in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, and attended Hartford public schools. He graduated from Yale University at the age of 19 where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa Honor society. Smith taught briefly in a private school in Salisbury, North Carolina and then attended medical school at Yale graduating as medical doctor in 1828. He later lived in France and during the Paris cholera epidemic of 1832, Smith helped to treat the sick and wrote a pamphlet on the disease. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ] Returning to the United States, Smith began his medical practice in Salisbury, North Carolina. He became active politically and part owner of the nullification newspaper the "Western Carolinian". In the fall of 1836, Smith was persuaded to move to Texas by J. Pinckney Henderson, whom Smith had become friends with in Salisbury and was already in Texas.

Texas settler

Upon arriving in Texas in 1837, Smith quickly became a close acquaintance of Sam Houston and was appointed to the post of surgeon general with the Republic of Texas Army. Even though militarily the Texas Revolution was over, Smith set up an efficient system of medical operations and established the first hospital in the area that would become Houston. [ [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00362/cah-00362.html Ashbel Smith Papers, The Center for American History] ] As President of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston called on Smith to negotiate a treaty with the Comanches in 1838. The Texas Congress failed to ratify the treaty, which would have recognized a Comanche homeland, the Comancheria, thus leading to the Council House Fight and Great Raid of 1840. [ [http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/tx/smith/bios/txgray/smitha.txt Johnson, Sid S. "Texans Who Wore the Gray".] ]

A supporter of public education, Smith was a charter member and first vice president of the Philosophical Society of Texas. The society immediately set about to request that the Texas Congress establish a system of public education in Texas. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ]

In 1839, a yellow fever epidemic broke out in Galveston, and Smith treated the victims of the disease while writing reports about the treatment of the disease in the "Galveston News". As a result of this experience, he wrote the first treatise on yellow fever in Texas. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ] He purchased land near Galveston Bay and built his plantation, Evergreen, in southeast Harris County. [Silverthorne, Elizabeth. "Ashbel Smith of Texas: Pioneer, Patriot, Statesman 1805-1886". College Station, Texas: Texas A&M Press 1982.]

Texas diplomat and secretary of state

In President Sam Houston's second term (1841-1844), Dr. Smith was Minister Plenipotentiary from the Republic of Texas to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and France, residing in London and Paris, respectively. He also traveled to Rome on a diplomatic mission to Pope Gregory XVI. [ [http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/tx/smith/bios/txgray/smitha.txt Johnson, Sid S. "Texans Who Wore the Gray".] ] In Europe, Smith secured ratification of a treaty of amity and commerce between England and Texas and improved the Republic's relations with France, which had been ruffled by the so-called Pig War. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ] On his return from Europe in 1845, Smith was appointed Secretary of State by President Anson Jones. With the possibility of annexation by the United States Smith worked to give the people of Texas a choice between remaining an independent republic and being annexed. To facilitate this, he negotiated a treaty, in which Mexico recognized the independence of Texas, won in 1836, and in return Texas would not be annexed by another country. This treaty, known as the Smith-Cuevas Treaty, angered many Texans who were strong supporters of annexation, and Smith was burned in effigy by citizens of Galveston and San Felipe. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ] This treaty was rejected by the Texan Congress which preferred the annexation resolutions, and thus, Texas was annexed by the United States on December 29, 1845 and became the 28th state of the Union in early 1846. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/publications/journals/shq/online/v009/n1/issue.html The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Vol. IX, July 1905-April, 1906.] ]

Citizen, soldier and physician

"The Mexican War is part of the mission of the destiny allotted to the Anglo-Saxon race on this continent. It is our destiny, our mission to Americanize this continent.... The sword is the great civilizer"—Ashbel Smith [ [http://www.pinzler.com/ushistory/viewmexwarsupp.html| Views on the Mexican-American War] ]

Smith served as a surgeon in the U.S. Army during the Mexican-American War (1846-48) on active duty with Gen. Zachary Taylor in the field. He also served as president of the board of visitors to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1848. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ] After the Mexican-American War, Smith returned to Texas and, in 1851, he served as a commissioner from the United States to the London Industrial Exposition. The following year he accepted the role as manager of the first Lone Star Fair in Corpus Christi, lending a measure of credibility to that event. [ [http://www.lsjunction.com/people/smith_a.htm Lone Star Junction] ] In the early 1850s, Dr. Smith worked with Gail Borden to develop and promote a dried beef biscuit. [Silverthorne, Elizabeth. "Ashbel Smith of Texas: Pioneer, Patriot, Statesman 1805-1886". College Station, Texas: Texas A&M Press 1982.] When the Texas Medical Association came into being in 1853, Smith was one of the founders. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ] In 1855, Smith was elected to the Texas House of Representatives from Harris County. In his first term, Smith supported measures to aid railroad construction, validate land titles, improve the common schools. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ] He also served as Headmaster of Houston Academy before the Civil War.hi

Civil War

Smith supported Texas' secession from the Union in 1861. When it was clear that war was inevitable, he organized the Bayland Guards, also known as Company C of the Second Texas Infantry to fight for the Confederacy. He outfitted and drilled the company, and the men elected Smith as their captain. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ] While commanding Company C at the Battle of Shiloh in 1863, Smith received a severe arm injury and was cited for gallantry, along with the rest of his company. For his bravery, Smith was brevetted a Colonel and was given command of the Second Texas Infantry. He then led the unit in engagements in Corinth and at the Tallahatchie River. At the Battle of Vicksburg, the regiment was distinguished for its defense of a crescent-shaped fortification, which came to be known as the Second Texas Lunette. The fortification was located in the center of the Vicksburg line of defense. Under the command of Col. Smith, the Second Texas Infantry withstood two Union assaults of brigade strength directed against the lunette on May 22, 1863. [ [http://www.lonestarbrigade.com/History.html Lone Star Brigade] ] After the surrender of the Confederates at Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, Smith was in charge of defenses in the vicinity of the Matagorda Peninsula on the Texas Gulf Coast and finally at the end of the war, the remnants of Second Texas was charged with defending the port of Galveston from Union control. [ [http://www.lonestarbrigade.com/History.html Lone Star Brigade] ]

After the war: focus on public education

At the conclusion of the Civil War, Smith and William P. Ballinger were sent by Texas Confederate Governor Pendleton Murrah as commissioners to negotiate peace terms for Texas with Union officials in New Orleans. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ]

In 1866, Smith and his cousin Henry Gillette founded the Bayland Orphanage to care for the children of deceased Confederate veterans. [ [http://www.ourbaytown.com/Files/baytown_cemeteries.doc "At Rest: A Historical Directory of Harris County, Texas, Cemeteries (1822-2001)." Compiled by Trevia Wooster Beverly. Tejas Publications & Research, Houston, 2001.] ] Smith was also elected again as a Democratic Party state representative from Houston to the Eleventh Texas Legislature, serving for one term in 1866.

The Texas Historical Society was organized in Houston in 1870 with Ashbel Smith as its president. [ [http://www.houstonhistory.com/decades/history5c.htm Houston History] ]

According to the "Handbook of Texas Online" in the 1870s, " [Smith] championed public education for blacks and women and was one of three commissioners appointed by Governor Richard Coke to establish an 'Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, for the benefit of the Colored Youths.' This school, located five miles east of Hempstead, is now Prairie View A&M University. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ]

Smith was appointed by the United States Centennial Commission in 1876 to act as a judge on the Jury of Awards at the Great International Exhibition in Philadelphia. In 1878 President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed him one of the two honorary commissioners from Texas to the Paris International Exposition. [ [http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?step=1&pers_id=128 Biographical Data from the Texas State Cemetery] ]

Elected to a final two-year term in the Texas House of Representatives in 1878, Smith again represented his home county in the Sixteenth Texas Legislature. His primary focus was the establishment of a liberal arts public university with a first-class medical department. Smith was made President of the newly-established University of Texas Board of Regents in 1881. Smith's goals were to recruit the best professors available for the faculty and to establish a curriculum that would make the university, which in the 1880s was still on the western frontier, a distinctive national institution of higher learning. He also saw to it that the medical branch was established in Galveston, near his home. [ [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/fsm4.html Handbook of Texas Online] ]

Smith never married. He died on January 21, 1886, at his plantation home Evergreen. He is buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. [ [http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?step=1&pers_id=128 Biographical Data from the Texas State Cemetery] ]

Memorials

A number of memorials exist for Dr. Ashbel Smith, including:
* The Ashbel Smith Building at the University of Texas, Medical Branch in Galveston, affectionately known as "Old Red"
* Ashbel Smith Hall of the University of Texas at Austin
* Ashbel Smith Professorships throughout the University of Texas system
* The Ashbel Smith Distinguished Alumnus Award is the highest alumni honor bestowed by UTMB's School of Medicine Alumni Association.
* Smith Street in downtown Houston
* Ashbel Street in Baytown, Texas
* Ashbel Smith Elementary School of the Goose Creek Consolidated Independent School District, Baytown, Texas

References

External links

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Persondata
NAME = Smith, Ashbel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
SHORT DESCRIPTION = Texan diplomat, scholar and politician
DATE OF BIRTH = August 13, 1805
PLACE OF BIRTH = Hartford, Connecticut, United States
DATE OF DEATH = January 21, 1886
PLACE OF DEATH = Evergreen, Harris County, Texas