Province of Trieste

Province of Trieste
—  Province  —
Map highlighting the location of the province of Trieste in Italy
Country	Italy
Region	Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Capital(s)	Trieste
Comuni	6
Government
– President	Maria Teresa Bassa Poropat
Area
– Total	212 km2 (81.9 sq mi)
Population (2009)
– Total	236,520
– Density	1,115.7/km2 (2,889.5/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
– Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	34121-34151 (Trieste); 34010-34018 (surroundings)
Telephone prefix	040
Vehicle registration	TS
ISTAT	032

The Province of Trieste (Italian: Provincia di Trieste, Slovene: Tržaška pokrajina) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Trieste. It has an area of 212 km², and a total population of 236,520 (April 2009). It has a coastal length of 48.1 km. There are 6 communes in the province.

Map of the Province of Trieste.

History

Early history

After the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire, the area of the province of Trieste was ruled by the Ostrogoths, Eastern Romans (Byzantines), Lombards and by the Franks. With the advent of the Habsburgs (13th century) the territory was divided between the lords of Duino, Trieste, San Dorligo della Valle and Muggia. During the reign of Maria Theresa of Austria and, subsequently, Joseph II, the maritime trades were increased with institution of the free port.

In 1809, the area was ceded to France after the defeat of Austria in that year. After the latter's definitive defeat, the communes of Duino, Nabrežina, Sgonico and Monrupino, which used to be part of Carniola, were annexed to that of Gorizia and Gradisca, while Trieste became a direct city of the Austrian Empire. San Dorligo della Valle and Muggia became part of Istria.

World War I left the territory of the province almost untouched, although fierce battles were fought just on its north-westernmost edges.

The whole area was occupied by Italy in November 1918, in the aftermath of Austria's defeat in World War I. It was officially annexed to Italy with the Treaty of Rapallo (1920), which also assigned all of the fomer Austrian Littoral to Italy.

The establishment of the province

Main article: Julian March

The Province of Trieste was first established in 1920. It comprised the current territory of the province, as well as significant portions of the Kras plateau and the region of Inner Carniola in present-day Slovenia. Between 1923 and 1943, the province of Trieste included also the communes of Monfalcone, Staranzano, Ronchi dei Legionari, San Canzian d'Isonzo, Turriaco, San Pier d'Isonzo, Fogliano-Redipuglia and Grado (today in Province of Gorizia), the current Slovenian municipalities of Sežana (including former communes of Dutovlje, Tomaj and Lokev), Divača (including former communes of Senožeče and Vremski Britof), Postojna (shortly Postumia before 1945; including former communes of Bukovje, Hrenovice and Slavina) and Pivka (including former communes of Šmihel and Košana), as well as some settlements in the present-day Slovenian municipality of Koper, namely Hrvatini, Jelarji, Spodnje Škofije, Plavje and Osp.

Map of Zone A of the Free Territory of Trieste.

After World War II

Main article: Treaty of Osimo

After the end of World War II, the Free Territory of Trieste was established as a free state on September 15, 1947. On October 26, 1954, Italy and Yugoslavia came to an understanding whereby the territory de facto was divided between the two states. Zone A of the free state became the new Province of Trieste and Zone B was to be administered by Yugoslavia. The Province of Trieste formally became a part of Italy on October 11, 1977, by the Treaty of Osimo.

Languages

Italian language is spoken in the whole province. In the city of Trieste, many people speak Triestine, a dialect of Venetian. The Tergestine, an archaic dialect of the Friulian language was spoken in Trieste and in Muggia, but became completely extinct by the mid 19th century.

An estimated 21% of the province's population belong to the Slovene linguistic community. ^[1] Italian legislation recognizes and protects the Slovene linguistic minority in all of the six municipalities of the province, although visual bilingualism is not applied in the city centre of Trieste and in the town of Muggia.^[2] Besides standard Slovene, which is taught in Slovene-language schools, three different Slovene dialects are spoken in the Province of Trieste. The Kras dialect is spoken in the municipalities of Duino-Aurisina and Sgonico, as well as in several settlements in the municipality of Trieste: Barcola, Prosecco, and Contovello. The Inner Carniolan dialect is spoken in the municipality of Monrupino and in several settlements of the municipality of Trieste, namely Opicina, Trebiciano, Padriciano, and Basovizza. The Istrian dialect is spoken in the municipalities of San Dorligo della Valle and in the rural areas of Muggia, as well as in the southern suburbs of Trieste (most notably in Servola).

Comuni

The following is a list of the six communes of the Province of Trieste, Italy.

ISTAT Code	Comune	Population (2009)
032001	Duino-Aurisina	8,675
032002	Monrupino	891
032003	Muggia	13,410
032004	San Dorligo della Valle	5,945
032005	Sgonico	2,102
032006	Trieste	205,523
	Total	236,546

Points of interest

• Giardino Botanico Carsiana
• Val Rosandra
• Grotta Gigante
• Duino Castle
• Miramare Castle
• Rilke trail
• Sistiana Bay
• Timavo sources
• Fortified church in Monrupino

See also

• Venezia Giulia
• Free Territory of Trieste

References

1. ^ Slovenian in Italy Research Centre of Multilingualism, archived on 8 July 2006 from the original
2. ^ Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 12 settembre 2007

External links

• (Italian) Provincia di Trieste - Official site