Battle of Hoover's Gap

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Hoover's Gap
colour_scheme=background:#ffcccc


caption=
partof=the American Civil War
date=June 24–26, 1863
place=Bedford County, Tennessee and Rutherford County, Tennessee
result=Union victory
combatant1= flagicon|USA|1861 United States (Union)
combatant2= flagicon|CSA|1863 CSA (Confederacy)
commander1=George Henry Thomas
John T. Wilder
commander2=Alexander P. Stewart
strength1=unknown
strength2=unknown
casualties1=unknown
casualties2=unknown|The Battle of Hoover's Gap was the principal battle fought in the Tullahoma Campaign (also known as the Middle Tennessee Campaign) of the American Civil War.

Following the Battle of Stones River, Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, commanding the Union Army of the Cumberland, remained in the Murfreesboro, Tennessee, area for over five months. In an effort to block further Union progress, Confederate General Braxton Bragg, commander of the Army of Tennessee, established a fortified line along the Duck River from Shelbyville to Wartrace. On the Confederate right, infantry and artillery detachments guarded Liberty, Hoover's, and Bellbuckle Gaps through the mountains. Rosecrans's superiors, fearing that Bragg might detach large numbers of men to help break the Siege of Vicksburg, urged him to attack the Confederate positions.

On June 23, 1863, Rosecrans deployed forces to feign an attack on Shelbyville while massing forces against Bragg's right. His troops struck out toward the gaps. On June 24, Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas's men forced Hoover's Gap, pushing aside the Confederate 1st (3rd) Kentucky Cavalry Regiment, under Colonel J. Russell Butler. As this unit fell back, it ran into Brig. Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson's and Brig. Gen. William B. Bate's Brigades, of Alexander P. Stewart's Division, William J. Hardee's Corps, Army of Tennessee, which marched off to meet Thomas and his men.

Fighting continued at the gap until just before noon on June 26, when Stewart, the Confederate division commander, sent a message to Johnson and Bate stating that he was pulling back and they should also. Although slowed by rain, Rosecrans moved on, forcing Bragg to retreat from his defensive line and fall back to Tullahoma. Rosecrans sent a flying column (Wilder's Lightning Brigade, the same that had spearheaded the thrust through Hoover's Gap on June 24) ahead to hit the railroad in Bragg's rear. Arriving too late to destroy the Elk River railroad bridge, the Federals destroyed railroad track around Decherd. Bragg then evacuated his forces from Middle Tennessee.

Hoover's Gap was an unambiguous Union battlefield victory and the Tullahoma Campaign a strategic advance. Bragg withdrew to the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and maneuvering continued in the Chickamauga Campaign.

References

* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/tn017.htm Nation Park Service battle description]

External links

* [http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american_civil_war/html/acw39.html "West Point Atlas" map of Tullahoma Campaign]
* [http://www.tennesseebackroads.org/trails/civilwar.html Tennessee Backroads web page on the Tullahoma Campaign]