USS O'Bannon (DD-450)

USS "O'Bannon" (DD/DDE-450), a "Fletcher"-class destroyer, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon.

"O'Bannon" was laid down by Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine, 3 March 1941; launched 19 February 1942; sponsored by Mrs. E. F. Kennedy, descendent of Lieutenant O'Bannon; and commissioned at Boston 26 June 1942, Commander Edwin R. Wilkinson in command.

1942

"O'Bannon" briefly trained for war in the Caribbean and sailed from Boston 29 August 1942 for the Southwest Pacific where the long and arduous Guadalcanal campaign had just begun. For over a year the Navy—stretched thin to cover its world-wide commitments at a period when new ships were just beginning to join the fleet in any number—was to fight and fight again in the Solomons in one of the most bitterly contested campaigns of history, wresting air and sea control from the Japanese, and providing the Marine Corps and the Army with every possible support as they gained ground inch by inch on the myriad islands. Assigned the Destroyer Squadron 21 (DesRon 21), "O'Bannon" played a valiant part in these endeavors, winning a Presidential Unit Citation.

Based at Nouméa, New Caledonia, "O'Bannon" first escorted "Copahee" (CVE-12) on a run to Guadalcanal where on 9 October, twenty Marines flew their F4F Wildcats off "Copahee"'s decks, desperately needed as reinforcements at beleaguered Henderson Field. Through the remainder of the month "O'Bannon" sailed the New Hebrides and southern Solomons on escort duty. On 7 November at Nouméa, she joined Rear Admiral Daniel J. Callaghan's Support Group, ready to sail with a convoy carrying critical reinforcements, replacements, food, ammunition, and aviation material.

On the approach to Guadalcanal, "O'Bannon" sighted and fired on a surfaced enemy submarine, holding it down while the convoy passed safely. On the afternoon of 12 November, the partially-unladen transports were attacked by sixteen enemy torpedo bombers; eleven were shot down. "O'Bannon" fired on four of the enemy planes.

Now came word that the Japanese were moving south in force. Two battleships, a light cruiser, and 14 destroyers were bound to destroy Henderson Field by bombardment, to break up the American reinforcement mission, and to cover reinforcement movements of their own. "O'Bannon" and the other ships of the Support Force, two heavy and three light cruisers, and eight destroyers, confronted the greatly superior enemy early 13 November in Ironbottom Sound, so named for the number of ships on both sides sunk there during the Guadalcanal campaign. "O'Bannon" boldly attacked the Japanese battleship "Hiei", closing so near, the battleship could not depress her main battery far enough to fire on the gallant destroyer. "O'Bannon"'s gunfire, in combination with the attacks of the rest of the force, damaged "Hiei" so badly that she was a sitting duck for the air attack which sank her next day.

This first engagement of the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal was short but furious; two American light cruisers, in one of which Rear Admiral Norman Scott lost his life, and four destroyers were lost, while two Japanese destroyers were sunk and "Hiei" prepared for her doom. Above all, the Japanese were turned back, and Henderson Field saved from destruction. The importance of this success is illustrated by the fact that next day Henderson aviators sank eleven enemy troop transports attempting to reinforce the island.

1943

Through October 1943, "O'Bannon" protected landings, carried out escort duties from Noumea and Espiritu Santo to Guadalcanal and Tulagi, joined in bombardments at Guadalcanal, Munda, Kolombangara, and shouldered her share of the nightly patrols up "the Slot", guarding against Japanese reinforcements.

Retiring from such a run early 5 April, "O'Bannon" sighted the Japanese submarine "RO-34" on the surface and fired on it, destroying the conning tower. The Japanese skipper then brought the ship too close to be fired upon with the main guns and when the crew came topside the sailors pelted them with a barrage of potatoes. The Japanese sailors believed they were being assaulted with grenades and in a panic threw their sidearms overboard and then attempted to submerge causing the sub to sink. During this period she also splashed at least two enemy aircraft in various attacks.

This duty was tense and demanded the best of men and their ships. In-port time was minimal; a few hours to fuel and reprovision, and the ships were off again. "O'Bannon" fought in many surface actions. The Battle of Kula Gulf (6 July), in which "O'Bannon" fought with three cruisers and three other destroyers against ten Japanese destroyers, swept the enemy from the area, though an American cruiser was lost. But a week later, the Battle of Kolombangara had to be fought in the same waters against a Japanese cruiser, five destroyers and four destroyer escorts. The same American force sank the Japanese cruiser "Jintsu" and turned the smaller ships away, losing none themselves.

For the next two months, "O'Bannon" spent most of her time in Vella Gulf, guarding landings, intercepting Japanese troop convoys and their covering escorts, and fighting off air attacks. With the aid of sister destroyers, she sank a number of barges, two submarine chasers, an armed boat, and a gunboat on various patrols. The climax of operations in the area was the Battle of Vella Lavella, 6 October, brought on by Japanese attempts to evacuate their troops from that island. With "Selfridge" (DD-357) and "Chevalier" (DD-451), "O'Bannon" made the first attack on the evacuation force, a group of nine or ten destroyers and smaller armed craft. The three American ships contacted six enemy destroyers, shrugged at the odds, and raced at 33 knots (61 km/h) to launch torpedoes and open gunfire. Japanese destroyer "Yugumo" was turned into a blazing hulk, but both "Selfridge" and "Chevalier" took torpedo hits. "O'Bannon" was close on "Chevalier"'s stern when the latter was struck, and the most radical maneuvers could not keep her from swinging into her sister's side. The enemy retired with three newly arrived American destroyers in pursuit, while "O'Bannon" guarded her stricken sisters, rescuing the survivors of "Chevalier".

1944

"O'Bannon" made battle repairs at Tulagi, then sailed to the west coast for overhaul. By 18 March 1944 she was back in the Solomons, ready for her part in the series of westward-moving amphibious assaults which won New Guinea. Again, it was escort and bombardment repeatedly until 18 October, when "O'Bannon" cleared Hollandia to escort reinforcements for the invasion of Leyte. The convoy was brought in safely 24 October, the eve of the Battle for Leyte Gulf. "O'Bannon" guarded the Northern Transport area and patrolled the entrances to Leyte Gulf during the battle, coming under air attack. Thus she played her part in the definitive destruction of the Japanese Navy.

1945

Through June 1945 "O'Bannon" operated primarily in the Philippines, serving in the escort or assault force for the long roll call of invasions: Ormoc, Mindoro, Lingayen, Bataan, Corregidor, Palawan, Zamboanga, Cebu, Caraboa. Air attacks were frequent in the early period, and "O'Bannon" splashed several raiders. During the Lingayen offensive, 31 January 1945, "O'Bannon", with three other destroyers, attacked and sank an enemy submarine; Japanese records studied after the war indicate it was most likely "RO-115". At the end of April and early in May, "O'Bannon" interrupted her Philippine operations to give fire support at Tarakan, Borneo and cover minesweeping operations there.

"O'Bannon" rendezvoused with a group of escort carriers off Okinawa 17 June, and guarded them as they struck against Sakashima Gunto. In July it was the large carriers that she protected as they flew strikes on northern Honshū and Hokkaidō. With the close of the war, "O'Bannon" patrolled the coast of Honshū until 27 August, when she joined "Nicholas" (DD-449) and "Taylor" (DD-468) to escort "Missouri" (BB-63) into Tokyo Bay, by order of Admiral William Halsey, "because of their valorous fight up the long road from the South Pacific to the very end." There she patrolled until 1 September. She then sailed to San Francisco and San Diego, where she decommissioned after overhaul 21 May 1946.

1949 – 1962

Between 17 January 1949 and 10 February 1950, "O'Bannon" was converted to an escort destroyer at Long Beach Naval Shipyard. She was redesignated DDE-450, 26 March 1949.

"O'Bannon" recommissioned 19 February 1951 to serve out of Pearl Harbor. She sailed for her first tour of duty with the United Nations forces repelling Communist aggression in Korea 19 November, and during the next seven months she guarded carriers at sea as their air groups struck targets in Korea; served as flagship for the Wonsan Element, East Coast Blockade and Escort Group; fired on enemy gun emplacements, road and rail supply routes, ammunition depots, and troop concentrations; and protected convoys moving between Korea and Japan.

A training period out of Pearl Harbor began upon her return home 20 June 1952, and she took part in U.S. Atomic Energy Commission operations off Eniwetok. "O'Bannon" cleared Pearl Harbor late in April 1953 for the Far East where her primary mission was screening carriers. Thereafter she served on the Taiwan Patrol and in exercises off Japan and Okinawa.

Between the Korean War and the Vietnam War, "O'Bannon" took her part in the intricately planned schedule which assures the United States that its 7th Fleet is always composed of ships and men whose readiness for any emergency is at its keenest. For "O'Bannon" this has meant an alternation of roughly six-month deployments to the Far East and periods spent in training operations and necessary overhauls at Pearl Harbor. While in the Far East, she visited ports in Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Australia and New Zealand, with brief, welcome recreation calls at Hong Kong. She was often in either New Zealand or Australia for the annual commemoration of the Battle of the Coral Sea, a time of national rejoicing in those countries at which Americans are particularly welcome. She conducted combined operations training with the SEATO allies as well as exercising with Marines at Okinawa and taking part in exercises preparing for any conceviable demand that might be made on the 7th Fleet. While at Pearl Harbor, she often aided in training reservists in addition to her own training, and at various times sailed down-range for space orbits and missile shots. In the summer and fall of 1962, she took part in atomic tests at Johnston Island.

1964 – 1970

In 1964 "O'Bannon" took part in the movie "In Harm's Way".

"O'Bannon" first closed the coast of Vietnam during her 1964–5 deployment, when on 26 December she left Hong Kong to patrol and conduct hydrographic surveys. Much of her 1966 tour was spent as planeguard for "Kitty Hawk" (CVA-63) while the carrier's jets struck targets in South and North Vietnam to lessen Communist ability to wage war in the South. For a week each in May and June "O'Bannon" fired shore bombardments, destroying Vietcong base camps, troop concentrations, and small craft.

The veteran destroyer returned via Yokosuka to Pearl Harbor 30 July. During operations out of home port, she trained for Apollo space craft recovery operations in August and was a member of the contingency recovery force for the Gemini 11 space flight early in September. She visited Guam in the spring of 1967 and returned home early in July to prepare for another Far Eastern deployment.

"O'Bannon" got under way for Japan 28 September, reached Yokosuka 7 October and Subic Bay on the 15th. She returned to the war zone with "Constellation" (CVA-64) and operated as plane guard on Yankee Station through 4 November. After a fortnight's respite at Subic Bay and Hong Kong "O'Bannon" sailed to Da Nang for shore bombardment. She visited Taiwan early in December but returned to the fighting on the 15th to provide gunfire support just south of the DMZ. Two days later she helped to rescue the crew of an American plane which had been hit over the DMZ and had managed to crash just off shore. An enemy battery shelled the destroyer during the operation but failed to score. As 1967 ended "O'Bannon" was still on the gun line supporting allied ground forces.

On 30 January 1970, "O'Bannon" was decommissioned in a ceremony at Pearl Harbor (again side-by-side with her sister "Nicholas") and stricken from the Navy List. She was sold for scrap 6 June 1970 and broken up two years later.

"O'Bannon" received the Presidential Unit Citation (US), and seventeen battle stars for World War II service, more than any ship except "Enterprise" (CV-6). She received three more battle stars for Korean War service. Nicknamed the "Lucky O", none of her crew were awarded the Purple Heart.

Quotes

"The history of the Pacific war can never be written without telling the story of the U.S.S. "O’Bannon". Time after time the "O’Bannon" and her gallant little sisters were called upon to turn back the enemy. They never disappointed me."
— Admiral William F. HalseyFact|date=September 2008

See also

See USS "O'Bannon" for other ships of the same name.

References

*DANFS|http://history.navy.mil/danfs/o1/obannon-ii.htm

External links

* [http://www.destroyerhistory.org/fletcherclass/ussobannon/index.html USS "O'Bannon" website]
* [http://www.destroyerhistory.org/fletcherclass/ussobannon/first_person.html "The Maine Potato Episode"]
* [http://history.navy.mil/danfs/o1/obannon-ii.htm history.navy.mil: USS "O'Bannon"]
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/450.htm navsource.org: USS "O'Bannon"]
* [http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/destroy/dd450txt.htm hazegray.org: USS "O'Bannon"]