Singapore Declaration

The Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles was a declaration issued by the assembled Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations, setting out the core political values that would form the main part of the Commonwealth's membership criteria. The Declaration was issued in Singapore on 22 January 1971 at the conclusion of the first Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM).cite web |url=http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/20723/32987/singapore_declaration_of_commonwealth_principles/ |date=22 January 1971 |title=Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles 1971 |accessdate=2007-07-25 |publisher=Commonwealth Secretariat ] Along with the Harare Declaration, issued in 1991, it is considered one of the two most important documents to the Commonwealth's uncodified constitution. [cite web |url=http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/20723/key_declarations/ |title=Key Declarations |accessdate=2007-07-25 |publisher=Commonwealth Secretariat ]

The declaration opens with a description of the Commonwealth's identity, the relationship between the organisation and its members, and its fundamental goals:

The second article describes the extent and diversity of the Commonwealth, encompassing both rich nations and poor across six continents and five oceans. The third article states, at the height of the Cold War, that membership of the Commonwealth is compatible with membership of any other international organisation or non-alignment.

The next ten articles in turn detail some of the core political principles of the Commonwealth. These include (in the order in which they are mentioned): world peace and support for the United Nations; individual liberty and egalitarianism; opposition to racism; opposition to colonialism; the eradication of poverty, ignorance, disease, and economic inequality; free trade; institutional cooperation; multilateralism; and the rejection of international coercion.

These are summed up in the final article, which serves as a touchstone for Commonwealth principles:

The part of the declaration considered the most troubling was the very last to be mentioned: 'rejecting coercion as an instrument of policy'.cite journal |last=Williams |first=Paul D. |year=2005 |month=July |title=Blair's Britain and the Commonwealth |journal=The Round Table |volume=94 |issue=380 |pages=pp. 381–391 |url= |accessdate= |quote= |doi=10.1080/00358530500174960 ] The implication is that not even the Commonwealth itself has any right to enforce its other core values, as that would be using coercion. This apparent conflict was resolved by the Harare Declaration and the Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme, which clearly mandates the Commonwealth to concern itself with its members' internal situations.

Footnotes

External links

* [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/20723/32987/singapore_declaration_of_commonwealth_principles/ Full text of the Singapore Declaration]