Chief Justice of the Common Pleas

Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
John Coleridge, the last Chief Justice of the Common Pleas

The Court of Common Pleas, also known as the Common Bench or Common Place, was the second highest common law court in the English legal system until 1880, when it was dissolved. As such, the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was one of the highest judicial officials in England, behind only the Lord High Chancellor and the Lord Chief Justice of the King's (or Queen's) Bench. Initially the position of Chief Justice was not an appointment; of the justices serving in the court, one would become more respected than his peers, and was therefore considered the "chief" justice. The position was formalised in 1272 with the raising of Sir Gilbert of Preston to Chief Justice, and from then on it was considered a formally appointed role similar to the positions of Chief Justice of the King's Bench and Chief Baron of the Exchequer.[1] In 1875 the court was reduced to a division of the High Court of Justice; Alexander Cockburn served as the first Chief Justice of England. The court was dissolved as a body in 1880, when the functions and officials were made part of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice. John Coleridge, previously Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, served as the first Chief Justice of the fully unified High Court.[2]


Chief Justices of the Common Pleas

Sir Edward Coke, a famed jurist whose judgements included seminal cases in corporate and competition law and the creation of judicial review
Nicholas Conyngham Tindal, who successfully defended Queen Caroline on charges of adultery in 1820
Sir Alexander Cockburn, who was repeatedly refused a peerage on the grounds of "notoriously bad moral character"
Name Born/Died Term as Chief Justice Reason for termination[3]
Simon of Pattishall d. 1217 11901214 Died
Martin of Pattishall d. 1229 12171229 Retired
Sir Thomas of Moulton d. 1240 12291233 Resigned to travel an Eyre circuit
William de Raley d. 1250 12331234 Appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Sir Thomas of Moulton d. 1240 12341236 Retired
Robert of Lexinton d. 29 May 1250 12361244 Retired
Henry of Bath d. November 1260 12451249 Stripped of his position after accusations of perverting the course of justice
Roger of Thirkleby d. 1260 12491256 Replaced
Henry of Bath d. November 1260 12561258 Retired
Roger of Thirkleby d. 1260 12581260 Died
Sir Gilbert of Preston 12091274 12601267 Resigned to travel an Eyre circuit
Martin of Littlebury d. 1274 12671272 Replaced
Sir Gilbert of Preston 12091274 12721274 Died
Roger of Seaton 12301280 12741278 Retired
Sir Thomas Weyland 1230January 1298 12781289 Removed from his position and exiled
Sir Ralph Sandwich 12351308 12891290 Resigned
John of Mettingham d. 1301 12901301 Died
Ralph de Hengham 123518 May 1311 13011309 Retired
Sir William Bereford d. 1326 13091326 Death
Hervey de Stanton 1260November 1327 1326 Failed to be reappointed by Edward III
Sir William Herle 12701347 13271329 Resigned to travel an Eyre circuit
Sir John Stonor 12811354 13291331 Failed to be reappointed by Edward III
Sir William Herle 12701347 13311333 Resigned to travel an Eyre circuit
Sir Henry Scrope d. 7 September 1336 1333 Replaced
Sir William Herle 12701347 13331335 Retired
Sir John Stonor 12811354 13351341 Removed
Sir Roger Hillary d. 1356 13411342 Replaced
Sir John Stonor 12811354 13421354 Retired
Sir Roger Hillary d. 1356 13541356 Died
Sir Robert Thorpe d. 29 June 1372 13561371 Appointed Lord Chancellor
Sir William Fyncheden d. 1374 13711374 Died
Sir Robert Bealknap d. 19 January 1401 13741388 Exiled
Sir Robert Charleton d. 1395 13881395 Died
William Thirning d. 1413 13961413 Died
Richard Norton d. 1420 14131420 Died
Sir William Babington d. 1454 14231436 Retired
Sir John Juyn d. 24 March 1440 14361439 Died
John Cottesmore d. 29 August 1439 1439 Died
Sir Richard Newton d. 13 December 1448 14391448 Died
Sir John Prysot d. 1461 14491461 Died
Sir Robert Danby d. 1474 14611471 Not reappointed by Edward IV
Sir Thomas Bryan d. 14 August 1500 14711500 Died
Sir Thomas Wode d. 31 August 1502 15001502 Died
Sir Thomas Frowyk 14607 October 1506 15021506 Died
Sir Robert Rede d. 7 January 1519 15061519 Died
Sir John Ernley 146422 April 1520 15191520 Died
Sir Robert Brudenell 146130 January 1531 15201530 Retired
Sir Robert Norwich d. April 1535 15301535 Died
Sir John Baldwin d. 24 October 1545 15351545 Died
Sir Edward Montagu c. 148510 February 1557 15451553 Retired
Sir Richard Morgan d. May 1556 15531554 Removed after going insane
Sir Robert Broke d. 5 September 1558 15541558 Died
Anthony Browne 15091567 15581559 Appointed a justice of the Queen's Bench
Sir James Dyer 15101582 15591582 Died
Sir Edmund Anderson 15301 August 1605 2 May 15821 August 1605 Died
Sir Francis Gawdy d. 15 December 1605 August 160515 December 1605 Died
Sir Edward Coke 1 February 15523 September 1634 30 June 160625 October 1613 Appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Sir Henry Hobart c. 156029 December 1625 26 November 161329 December 1625 Died
Sir Thomas Richardson 3 July 15694 February 1635 22 November 1626October 1631 Appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Sir Robert Heath 15751649 October 163113 September 1634 Dismissed
Sir John Finch 17 September 158427 November 1660 16 October 16341640 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir Edward Littleton 158927 August 1645 27 January 164018 January 1641 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir John Bankes 158928 December 1644 29 January 164128 December 1644 Died
Oliver St John c. 159831 December 1673 1 October 16481660 Excluded from public office following the Restoration
Sir Orlando Bridgeman 30 January 160625 June 1674 22 October 1660May 1668 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir John Vaughan 14 September 160310 December 1674 23 May 166810 December 1674 Died
Sir Francis North 16371685 23 January 167520 December 1682 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir Francis Pemberton 18 July 162410 June 1697 January 1683September 1683 Dismissed
Sir Thomas Jones 13 October 161431 May 1692 29 September 168321 April 1686 Dismissed
Sir Henry Bedingfield 9 December 16326 February 1687 21 April 16866 February 1687 Died
Robert Wright 16341689 13 April 168718 April 1687 Exchanged with Edward Herbert for the position of Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Sir Edward Herbert c. 1648November 1698 16871689 Dismissed after fleeing to Ireland with James II
Sir Henry Pollexfen 163215 June 1691 6 May 168915 June 1691 Died
Sir George Treby 164313 December 1700 30 April 169213 December 1700 Died
Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor 8 March 165819 June 1730 5 July 170114 October 1714 Not reappointed by George I
Peter King, 1st Baron King c. 166922 July 1734 27 October 17141 June 1725 Appointed Lord Chancellor
Sir Robert Eyre 166628 December 1735 17251735 Died
Sir Thomas Reeve 167319 January 1737 26 January 173619 January 1737 Died
Sir John Willes 29 November 168515 December 1761 28 January 173715 December 1761 Died
Charles Pratt, 1st Baron Camden 21 March 171418 April 1794 January 176230 July 1766 Appointed Lord Chancellor
Sir John Eardley Wilmot 16 August 17095 February 1792 20 August 176626 January 1771 Resigned
Sir William de Grey 7 July 17199 May 1781 January 1771June 1780 Resigned
Alexander Wedderburn 13 February 17332 January 1805 17801793 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir James Eyre 17341 July 1799 11 February 17931 July 1799 Died
John Scott, 1st Baron Eldon 4 June 175113 January 1838 17 July 17991801 Appointed Lord Chancellor
Richard Pepper Arden, 1st Baron Alvanley 20 May 174419 March 1804 22 May 180119 March 1804 Died
Sir James Mansfield 173323 May 1821 24 April 180421 February 1814 Resigned
Sir Vicary Gibbs 27 October 17511820 February 1814November 1818 Resigned
Sir Robert Dallas 16 October 175625 December 1824 November 18181824 Retired
Robert Gifford, 1st Baron Gifford 24 February 17794 September 1826 9 January 18245 April 1824 Appointed Master of the Rolls
Sir William Best 13 December 17673 March 1845 15 April 1824June 1829 Retired
Sir Nicholas Conyngham Tindal 12 December 17766 July 1846 9 June 18296 July 1846 Died
Sir Thomas Wilde 7 July 1782November 1855 6 July 184615 July 1850 Appointed Lord Chancellor
Sir John Jervis 12 January 18021 November 1856 16 July 18501 November 1856 Died
Sir Alexander Cockburn, 12th Baronet 24 September 180220 November 1880 November 185624 June 1859 Appointed Chief Justice of England
Sir William Erle 1 October 179328 January 1880 June 1859November 1866 Retired
Sir William Bovill 26 May 18141 November 1873 November 18661 November 1873 Died
John Duke Coleridge, 1st Baron Coleridge 3 December 182014 June 1894 November 187320 November 1880 Court merged with the Court of King's Bench and the Exchequer of pleas; became the first Lord Chief Justice of a unified High Court.[2]

References

  1. ^ Kiralfy, p. 121
  2. ^ a b Lord Mackay of Clashfern (ed.) (2002) Halsbury's Laws of England, 4th ed. Vol.10 (Reissue), "Courts", 603 'Divisions of the High Court'
  3. ^ "Oxford DNB theme:Chief Justices of the Common Pleas (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/93045?backToResults=list=yes. Retrieved 2008-10-21. 

Bibliography

  • Kiralfy, A.K.R (1962). Potter's Historical Introduction to English Law and Its Institutions. London: Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd.. 

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