Chondrostoma

Nases
Common Nase, C. nasus. Note mouth to the lower left of eye.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Superclass:	Osteichthyes
Class:	Actinopterygii
Subclass:	Neopterygii
Infraclass:	Teleostei
Superorder:	Ostariophysi
Order:	Cypriniformes
Superfamily:	Cyprinioidea
Family:	Cyprinidae
Subfamily:	Leuciscinae
Genus:	Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832
Species
See text

Chondrostoma (from the Ancient Greek roots χόνδρος (khondros, “lump”) + στόμα (stoma, “mouth”) = “lump-mouth”) is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, though this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the Common Nase (C. nasus). The common name refers to the protruding upper jaw of these fishes; it is derived from the German term Nase, meaning "nose."

Several species have very restricted ranges. Some of these endemics are very rare nowadays, and at least one species is globally extinct.

Systematics

In 2007 it was determined that the presumed monophyletic group consisted of 6 at least partly independent lineages of Leuciscinae, meaning that the rasping feeding apparatus evolved nore than once. It was proposed to split the genus in 6 in consequence: Achondrostoma, Chondrostoma, Iberochondrostoma, Pseudochondrostoma, Protochondrostoma and Parachondrostoma. But at least Achondrostoma and Iberochondrostoma may not be separable.^[1] After the split, there are 21 remaining species in this genus.

Species

The following species are currently considered to be members of this genus:

• Chondrostoma angorense Elvira, 1987
• Chondrostoma beysehirense Bogutskaya, 1997
• Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin, 1899 (Colchic Nase)
• Chondrostoma cyri Kessler, 1877 (Kura Nase)
• Chondrostoma fahirae (Ladiges, 1960)
• Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger, 1896)
• Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp, 1985
• Chondrostoma knerii Heckel, 1843
• Chondrostoma kubanicum Berg, 1914 (Kuban's Nase)
• Chondrostoma meandrense Elvira, 1987
• Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common Nase, Sneep)
• Chondrostoma olisiponensis Gante, C. D. Santos & Alves, 2007
• Chondrostoma orientale Bianco & Bănărescu, 1982
• Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum Kessler, 1877 (Terek Nase)
• Chondrostoma phoxinus Heckel, 1843 (Minnow-Nase)
• Chondrostoma prespense S. L. Karaman, 1924
• Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843)
• †Chondrostoma scodrense Elvira, 1987
• Chondrostoma soetta Bonaparte, 1840
• Chondrostoma vardarense S. L. Karaman, 1928
• Chondrostoma variabile Yakovlev, 1870 (Volga Undermouth)

Footnotes

1. ^ Gante et al. (2007), Robalo et al. (2008)

References

• Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). Species of Chondrostoma in FishBase. August 2011 version.
• Gante, Hugo F.; Santos, Carlos D. & Alves, Maria Judite (2007): A new species of Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) with sexual dimorphism from the lower Rio Tejo Basin. Zootaxa 1616: 23–35. PDF abstract
• Robalo, J.I; Doadrio, I.; Valente, A. & Almada, V.C. (2008): Insights on speciation patterns in the genus Iberochondrostoma (Cyprinidae): Evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear data.