The Adventure of the Dying Detective

"The Adventure of the Dying Detective"
by Arthur Conan Doyle
Released	1913
Series	His Last Bow
Client(s)	None
Set in	1890
Villain(s)	Culverton Smith

"The Adventure of the Dying Detective", in some editions simply titled "The Dying Detective", is one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Together with seven other stories, it is collected as His Last Bow.

Plot summary

Dr. Watson is called to 221B Baker Street to tend Holmes, who is apparently dying of a rare Asian disease contracted while he was on a case at Rotherhithe. Watson is shocked, having heard nothing about his friend’s illness. Mrs. Hudson says that he has neither eaten nor drunk anything in three days.

Upon arriving, Watson finds Holmes in his bed looking very ill and gaunt indeed, and Holmes proceeds to make several odd demands of Watson. He is not to come near Holmes, for the illness is highly contagious. He will seek no help save from the man whom Holmes names. He will wait until six o’clock before Holmes names him. When Watson objects and tries to leave for help, Holmes musters enough strength to leap out of bed, and lock the door, taking the key. So, Watson is forced to wait. Holmes seems delirious at times.

Holmes in his bed

Watson examines several objects in Holmes’s room while he waits. Holmes has a fit when Watson touches one item, a little black and white ivory box with a sliding lid. Holmes orders him to put it down, explaining that he does not like his things touched.

At six o’clock, Holmes tells Watson to turn the gaslight on, but only half-full. He then tells him to fetch Mr. Culverton Smith of 13 Lower Burke Street. Oddly, he also tells Watson to be sure that he and Smith return to Baker Street separately. Smith is not a doctor, but is supposedly an expert on the illness that ails Holmes. Also, Holmes explains that Smith does not particularly like him, for Holmes once cast the suspicion for Smith's nephew’s murder on him.

Outside Holmes’s door, Watson meets Inspector Morton. Upon hearing of Holmes’s illness, the inspector’s expression somewhat suggests exultation to Watson.

Watson goes to the address, and at first Smith refuses to see him. Watson forces his way in and once he makes it clear to an angry Culverton Smith that Sherlock Holmes is dying and wants to see him, his attitude changes drastically. He seems quite concerned, although for a moment, it seems to Watson that he is pleased. Smith agrees to come, and so Watson excuses himself by saying that he has another appointment. He arrives back at Baker Street before Smith gets there.

Holmes is pleased to hear that Smith is coming, and orders Watson to hide behind a decorative screen next to the bed. He does so, and presently, Culverton Smith arrives. His bedside manner seems more taunting than soothing.

Believing that they are alone, Smith is quite frank, and it soon emerges, to the hiding Watson’s horror, that Holmes has been sickened by the same illness that killed Smith’s nephew Victor. Believing that Holmes is at death’s door and will never get to repeat what he hears, Smith is also frank enough to admit that he murdered his nephew with this disease, which he had been studying. He sees the little ivory box, which Smith sent by post, and which contains a sharp spring infected with the illness. He pockets it, removing the evidence of his crime. He then resolves to stay there and watch Holmes die.

Holmes asks him to turn the gas up full, which he does. He also asks for some water and a cigarette. No sooner have these requests been fulfilled than Inspector Morton comes in — the gaslight was the signal to move in, it turns out. Holmes tells him to arrest Culverton Smith for his nephew’s murder. Smith, still as arrogant as ever, points out that his word is as good as Holmes’s in court, but then, of course, Watson emerges from behind the screen to present himself as a witness to the conversation.

Holmes is not really dying, of course. This has all been a ruse to get Culverton Smith to confess to his nephew’s murder. Holmes was not infected by the little box; he has enough enemies to know that he must always examine his mail carefully before he opens it. Starving himself for three days, and a little vaseline, belladonna, rouge, and beeswax made him a convincing malingerer and the claim of the "disease's" infectious nature was to keep Watson from examining him and discovering the ruse.

Commentary

The setting date may be inferred from Watson's mention of it being "the second year of my marriage", the first having been 1889.

Culverton Smith is a good example of how Holmes manipulates a criminal's weaknesses to reveal his crimes. In the case of Smith it is arrogance and vanity. He cannot resist gloating to a weak, dying man that he has won. Dr. Watson notes on his visit that Smith wears a Turkish fez, a hat used to bar the odor of tobacco-smoke from hair. Smith is all but bald, which makes this affectation almost ridiculous. He is remarkable in that he has an enormous head (a symbol of intellect) but it sits upon a small, spindly body.

Smith also parallels his work with Holmes' claiming great respect for the detective he is trying to kill. "For him the villain, for me the microbe."

Holmes' rantings of oysters has led to much speculation about his past, leading scholars to posit the detective was originally from a poor family (oysters were traditionally the food of the poor).

In the original manuscript, Doyle wrote Holmes referring to his old friend as "obstinate old Watson" and intimates that there are a few gentlemen of the 'medico-criminal aspect' that he wishes to remove from the picture.

Inspector Morton is referred to in a familiar fashion but this is his only appearance in canon. Canonical scholar Leslie S. Klinger wondered if Morton was the companion to Inspector Brown in The Sign of the Four.^[1]

Tropical disease specialist William A. Sodeman, Jr., identified 'Tapanuli fever' as melioidosis,^[2] a conclusion supported by physician Setu K. Vora.^[3]

Adaptations

• 1921 film starring Eille Norwood as Holmes.^[4]
• 1947 radio episode of The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring Tom Conway as Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Watson.^[5] This version features Inspector Lestrade instead of Inspector Morton.
• 1951 TV miniseries episode starring Alan Wheatley as Holmes.^[6]
• 1994 TV episode of The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes starring Jeremy Brett as Holmes, Edward Hardwicke as Watson, and Jonathan Hyde as Culverton Smith.^[7] This version is faithful to the original short story but greatly expanded. It features much more detail on Smith's nephew, who is instead portrayed as Smith's cousin, and has Watson stopping Smith from committing suicide by cutting himself with the infected spring (which had been replaced with a pair of tacks).

References

1. ^ The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes, Vol. II, Edited with notes by Leslie S. Klinger
2. ^ Sodeman WA (January 1994). "Sherlock Holmes and tropical medicine: a centennial appraisal". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 50 (1): 99–101. PMID 8304578. http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8304578. 
3. ^ Vora SK (February 2002). "Sherlock Holmes and a biological weapon". J R Soc Med 95 (2): 101–3. doi:10.1258/jrsm.95.2.101. PMC 1279324. PMID 11823558. http://www.jrsm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11823558. 
4. ^ The Dying Detective (1921) - IMDb
5. ^ Classic Radio World  » Blog Archive » The Dying Detective - Sherlock Holmes - Tom Conway & Nigel Bruce Radio Shows
6. ^ IMDb - "Sherlock Holmes" The Dying Detective (TV episode 1951)
7. ^ "The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes" The Dying Detective (TV episode 1994) - IMDb