CIITA

CIITA is a human gene which encodes a protein called the class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator.cite journal | author = Steimle V, Otten LA, Zufferey M, Mach B | title = Complementation cloning of an MHC class II transactivator mutated in hereditary MHC class II deficiency (or bare lymphocyte syndrome) | journal = Cell | volume = 75 | issue = 1 | pages = 135–46 | year = 1993 | month = October | pmid = 8402893 | issn = ] Mutations in this gene are responsible for the bare lymphocyte syndrome in which the immune system is severely compromised and cannot effectively fight infection.

Function

CIITA mRNA can only be detected in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system class II-positive cell lines and tissues. This highly restricted tissue distribution suggests that expression of HLA class II genes is to a large extent under the control of CIITA.cite journal | author = Mach B, Steimle V, Reith W | title = MHC class II-deficient combined immunodeficiency: a disease of gene regulation | journal = Immunol. Rev. | volume = 138 | issue = | pages = 207–21 | year = 1994 | month = April | pmid = 8070816 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1994.tb00853.x ] However CIITA does not appear to directly bind to DNA. Instead CIITA functions through activation the transcription factor RFX5.cite journal | author = Scholl T, Mahanta SK, Strominger JL | title = Specific complex formation between the type II bare lymphocyte syndrome-associated transactivators CIITA and RFX5 | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 94 | issue = 12 | pages = 6330–4 | year = 1997 | month = June | pmid = 9177217 | pmc = 21049 | url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9177217 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.12.6330 ] Hence CIITA is classified as a transcriptional coactivator.

The CIITA protein contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain, 4 LRRs (leucine-rich repeats) and a GTP binding domain.cite journal | author = Raval A, Howcroft TK, Weissman JD, Kirshner S, Zhu XS, Yokoyama K, Ting J, Singer DS' | title = Transcriptional coactivator, CIITA, is an acetyltransferase that bypasses a promoter requirement for TAF(II)250 | journal = Mol. Cell | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 105–15 | year = 2001 | month = January | pmid = 11172716 | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1097-2765(01)00159-9 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00159-9 ] The protein uses GTP binding to facilitate its own transport into the nucleus.cite journal | author = Harton JA, Cressman DE, Chin KC, Der CJ, Ting JP | title = GTP binding by class II transactivator: role in nuclear import | journal = Science (journal) | volume = 285 | issue = 5432 | pages = 1402–5 | year = 1999 | month = August | pmid = 10464099 | doi = | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10464099 | issn = ] Once in the nucleus, the protein acts as a positive regulator of class II major histocompatibility complex gene transcription, and is often referred to as the "master control factor" for the expression of these genes.cite journal | author = Harton JA, Ting JP | title = Class II transactivator: mastering the art of major histocompatibility complex expression | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 20 | issue = 17 | pages = 6185–94 | year = 2000 | month = September | pmid = 10938095 | pmc = 86093 | url = http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10938095 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.17.6185-6194.2000 ] cite journal | author = LeibundGut-Landmann S, Waldburger JM, Krawczyk M, Otten LA, Suter T, Fontana A, Acha-Orbea H, Reith W | title = Mini-review: Specificity and expression of CIITA, the master regulator of MHC class II genes | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 34 | issue = 6 | pages = 1513–25 | year = 2004 | month = June | pmid = 15162420 | doi = 10.1002/eji.200424964 | url = ]

ee also

* MHC class II

References

External links

*

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