John Bythesea

Infobox Military Person
name= John Bythesea


caption=
born= 15 June 1827
died= death date and age|1906|5|18|1827|6|15|df=yes
placeofbirth=Freshford, Somerset
placeofdeath=South Kensington, London
nickname=
allegiance=UK
branch=Royal Navy
serviceyears= 1841-1877
rank= Rear Admiral
unit=
commands=HMS|Locust|1840|6 (1855-56)
HMS|Cruizer|1852|6 (1858-61)
HMS|Archer|1849|6 (1863-64)
HMS|Phoebe|1854|6 (1867-70)
HMS|Lord Clyde|1864|6 (1871-72)
battles=2nd Anglo-Chinese War
Crimean War
awards= VC CB CIE
relations=
laterwork=

John Bythesea VC CB CIE, (15 June, 1827-18 May 1906), was an officer of the Royal Navy. He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions in 1854 during the Crimean War. However, in 1872 he ruined his career when he put his battleship HMS|Lord Clyde|1864|6 aground at Pantellaria, resulting in his dismissal from his ship; he was never employed at sea again. [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowBiog.php?id=1174 Online biography John Bythesea] ]

Early life

John Bythesea was born on 15 June 1827 in Freshford, Somerset, the son of Rev. George Bythesea.

He entered the Royal Navy in 1841, and was promoted to Lieutenant on 12 June 1849.

On 22 June 1850, he was posted to the 46-gun screw-frigate HMS|Arrogant|1848|6 commanded by Captain Robert Spencer Robinson, Lisbon. He stayed with the "Arrogant" when she was recommissioned at Portsmouth by Captain Stephen Greville Fremantle on 27 September 1852. Fremantle was succeeded by Captain Hastings Yelverton on 24 October 1853. She served in the Baltic in 1854 in the Crimean War. [ [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=73 Online history HMS Arrogant] ]

Action for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross

On 9 August 1854 in the Baltic, Lieutenant Bythesea obtained permission to land on the island of Vårdö, Åland Islands off Finland with Stoker William Johnstone, in order to intercept important despatches from the Czar which were being sent via Vårdö to Bomarsund. "They lay in wait for three days until five Russians arrived on 12 August with the postbags. Johnstone ambushed the men, at Bythesea's signal, attempting to throw a rope around the group whilst Bythesea provided cover with just one pistol. Two of the men dropped their bags and fled while the remaining three finally surrendered. Bythesea ordered the men back to their own boat and then forced them to row it back to "Arrogant", with the mailbags." [ [http://www.britishembassy.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1077042157317 British Embassy Helsinki - Bomarsund page] . Another account is given on [http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/avon.htm Location of grave and VC medal] "(Avon)"]

Career up to the "Lord Clyde"

On 12 March 1855, Lieutenant Bythesea was appointed captain of the paddle gun-vessel HMS|Locust|1840|6 and served in the Flying Squadron in the Baltic. On 10 May 1856 he was promoted to Commander, and on 20 May, Lieutenant John Bousquet Field replaced him as captain of the "Locust". [ [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=1705 Online history HMS Locust] ]

On 4 March 1858 he took over as captain of the 17-gun screw-sloop HMS|Cruizer|1852|6 (also spelled "Cruiser") from Charles Fellowes. At the time, the "Cruizer" was serving in the Far East and saw action in the 2nd Anglo-Chinese War. "Cruizer" paid off at Portsmouth on 1 May 1861. [ [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=149 Online history HMS Cruizer] ]

On 15 May 1861, he was promoted to Captain. In 1862, he served on the Commission to examine Canadian defences.

On 30 March 1863 he commissioned the 12-gun screw-corvette HMS|Archer|1849|6 at Woolwich. "Archer" served on the West Africa Station. Bythesea was invalided out, and replaced by Captain Francis Marten on 12 April 1864. [ [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=141 Online history HMS Archer] ]

From 1 April 1866 until 1867, he was carried on the books of the flagship of the North American Squadron, HMS "Duncan", for special service as Naval Attache in Washington.

From 6 May 1867 until 29 November 1870 he was captain of the screw-frigate HMS|Phoebe|1854|6. Bythesea commanded her for the entire commission. She served first in the Channel squadron, then the West Indies, then joining the flying squadron at Bahia on 4 August 1869. [ [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=196 Online history HMS Phoebe] ]

Loss of HMS Lord Clyde

On 14 September 1871 he commissioned the battleship HMS|Lord Clyde|1864|6 at Plymouth and took her out to the Mediterranean Fleet. In March 1872, "Lord Clyde":: "was lying at Syracuse and received a wire from Malta to proceed at once to the help of a British steamer aground on the island of Pantellaria, on which service she got far worst aground herself. Anchors were laid out, coal jettisoned, guns, ammunition and stores hoisted over the side into small casters in the island hired on the spot, and everything possible done to lighten her, but she remained a fixture except to sway in the swell from the open sea, strain her back, and wrench off her sternpost, rudderpost and rudder. It took some time to summon help, as that was a full generation before the days of wireless telegraphy and Pantellaria had no cables; but an officer was dispatched by a passing steamer to Malta, where the HMS|Lord Warden|1865|6 was lying as flagship and came at once to pull her crippled sister off the floor and get her to bed. This proved an extremely difficult job even when she was afloat again, as she yawed about so violently without a rudder when in tow, as to pull the sister in charge all over the place. It took three days to conduct erring footsteps a distance that could ordinarily be covered in less than one, and all the while she was leaking at a steady rate of 2 feet per hour. On arrival at Malta she had to be docked with great care on account of the badly damaged state of her bottom; and the yard reported that it would take six months to repair." [Ballard "The Black Battlefleet" p 84.]

The court-martial in April 1872 severely reprimanded Bythesea and the Navigating Officer, who were dismissed from their ship and neither of them were ever employed at sea again.

The "Lord Clyde" was never commissioned again.

Marriage and retirement

Bythesea married Fanny Prior in 1875, and was retired from the Navy on 5 August 1877. He received a retirement promotion to Rear Admiral. (There was no merit in such a promotion; it was automatic for captains on retirement.)

He served as consulting naval officer to the Indian Government from 1874, until the Indian Navy was restructured in 1880. He was made a Companion of the Bath (CB) and a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1878.

He died at South Kensington on 18 May 1906.

The medal

Now at the Royal Naval Museum, Portsmouth.

References

;Notes;Bibliography
* [http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/avon.htm Location of grave and VC medal] "(Avon)"
* [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowBiog.php?id=1174 Online biography John Bythesea]
* [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=73 Online history HMS Arrogant]
* [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=1705 Online history HMS Locust]
* [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=149 Online history HMS Cruizer]
* [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=141 Online history HMS Archer]
* [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=196 Online history HMS Phoebe]
* [http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=1707 Online history HMS Lord Clyde]
* [http://www.britishembassy.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1077042157317 British Embassy Helsinki - Bomarsund page]
* Ballard, Admiral G.A. "The Black Battlefleet", Nautical Publications Co. and Society for Nautical Research, 1980. ISBN 0 245 53030 4

External links

* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7830114 John Bythesea] at Find-A-Grave

Persondata
NAME = Bythesea, John
ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
SHORT DESCRIPTION = British admiral
DATE OF BIRTH = 15 June 1827
PLACE OF BIRTH = Freshford, Somerset
DATE OF DEATH = 18 May 1906
PLACE OF DEATH = South Kensington, London