List of birds of São Tomé and Príncipe

This is a list of the bird species recorded in São Tomé and Príncipe. As São Tomé and Príncipe is a series of islands, its avifauna grows whenever a "new" species arrives or is recorded for the first time; the list comprises over 140 species, of which 22 are endemic, 3 have been introduced by humans, several are rare or accidental (often termed "vagrants"), and several sightings-cum-identifications require confirmation ("Uncertain record" per African Bird Club). Some 10 species are globally threatened.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) for the most part follow the conventions of Clements's 5th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflects this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for São Tomé and Príncipe.

The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant categories. It must be noted that not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring, native species.

* (A) Accidental A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.
* (E) Endemic A species endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe.
* (I) Introduced A species introduced to São Tomé and Príncipe as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions.
* (?) Uncertain record A species reported to occur or have occurred, but requiring confirmation (according to the African Bird Club).

__NOTOC__

hearwaters and Petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized 'true petrels', characterised by united nostrils with a medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 species worldwide and 1 or 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Greater Shearwater "Puffinus gravis"
*Sooty Shearwater "Puffinus griseus" (?)

torm-Petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels, and are the smallest of sea-birds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. There are 21 species worldwide and 2 or 3 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Wilson's Storm-Petrel "Oceanites oceanicus"
*European Storm-Petrel "Hydrobates pelagicus" (?)
*Band-rumped Storm-Petrel "Oceanodroma castro"

Tropicbirds

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. There are 3 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Red-billed Tropicbird "Phaethon aethereus" (A)
*White-tailed Tropicbird "Phaethon lepturus"

Boobies and Gannets

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups comprise medium-to-large coastal sea-birds that plunge-dive for fish. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 or 3 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Cape Gannet "Morus capensis"
*Masked Booby "Sula dactylatra" (?)
*Brown Booby "Sula leucogaster"

Cormorants

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few being colourful. There are 38 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Long-tailed Cormorant "Phalacrocorax africanus"

Bitterns, Herons and Egrets

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide and 7–9 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Gray Heron "Ardea cinerea"
*Purple Heron "Ardea purpurea"
*Great Egret "Ardea alba" (?)
*Black Heron "Egretta ardesiaca"
*Western Reef-Heron "Egretta gularis"
*Little Egret "Egretta garzetta" (?)
*Cattle Egret "Bubulcus ibis"
*Common Squacco Heron "Ardeola ralloides"
*Striated Heron "Butorides striata"

torks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute; bill-clattering is an important mode of stork communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. There are 19 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*White Stork "Ciconia ciconia"

Ibises and Spoonbills

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Olive Ibis "Bostrychia olivacea"

Flamingos

Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet high, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. They are more numerous in the latter. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume, and are uniquely used upside-down. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 or 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Greater Flamingo "Phoenicopterus roseus" (?)
*Lesser Flamingo "Phoenicopterus minor"

Ducks, Geese and Swans

Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are birds that are modified for an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Fulvous Whistling-Duck "Dendrocygna bicolor"
*Comb Duck "Sarkidiornis melanotos"

Osprey

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Pandionidae

The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the Osprey. The Osprey is a medium large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

*Osprey "Pandion haliaetus"

Hawks, Kites and Eagles

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 233 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Yellow-billed Kite "Milvus aegyptius"
*Palm-nut Vulture "Gypohierax angolensis"
*White-backed Vulture "Gyps africanus" (A)

Caracaras and Falcons

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There are 62 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Red-footed Falcon "Falco vespertinus"

Pheasants and Partridges

Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they may vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. There are 156 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Scaly Francolin "Francolinus squamatus"
*Red-necked Francolin "Francolinus afer"
*Harlequin Quail "Coturnix delegorguei"

Guineafowl

Order: GalliformesFamily: Numididae

Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Helmeted Guineafowl "Numida meleagris" (I)

Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers. There are 143 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*African Rail "Rallus caerulescens"
*African Crake "Crecopsis egregia"
*Allen's Gallinule "Porphyrio alleni"
*Common Moorhen "Gallinula chloropus"
*Lesser Moorhen "Gallinula angulata"

Pratincoles and Coursers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. There are 17 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Black-winged Pratincole "Glareola nordmanni"

Plovers and Lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water, although there are some exceptions. There are 66 species worldwide and 2–5 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*American Golden-Plover "Pluvialis dominica" (?)
*European Golden-Plover "Pluvialis apricaria" (?)
*Black-bellied Plover "Pluvialis squatarola"
*Little Ringed Plover "Charadrius dubius" (?)
*White-fronted Plover "Charadrius marginatus"

andpipers and allies

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

The Scolopacidae are a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enable different species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 89 species worldwide and 11–13 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Bar-tailed Godwit "Limosa lapponica"
*Whimbrel "Numenius phaeopus"
*Eurasian Curlew "Numenius arquata"
*Marsh Sandpiper "Tringa stagnatilis"
*Common Greenshank "Tringa nebularia"
*Green Sandpiper "Tringa ochropus" (?)
*Wood Sandpiper "Tringa glareola"
*Common Sandpiper "Actitis hypoleucos"
*Ruddy Turnstone "Arenaria interpres"
*Sanderling "Calidris alba"
*Little Stint "Calidris minuta"
*Pectoral Sandpiper "Calidris melanotos" (?)
*Curlew Sandpiper "Calidris ferruginea"

kuas and Jaegers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are 7 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Pomarine Jaeger "Stercorarius pomarinus"

Terns

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Sternidae

Terns are a group of generally general medium to large sea-birds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species now known to live in excess of 25 to 30 years. There are 44 species worldwide and 6–8 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Sandwich Tern "Sterna sandvicensis"
*Common Tern "Sterna hirundo" (A)
*Arctic Tern "Sterna paradisaea" (?)
*Bridled Tern "Sterna anaethetus" (?)
*Sooty Tern "Sterna fuscata"
*White-winged Tern "Chlidonias leucopterus"
*Black Noddy "Anous minutus"
*Brown Noddy "Anous stolidus"

Pigeons and Doves

Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are 308 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Rock Pigeon "Columba livia"
*Rameron Pigeon "Columba arquatrix"
*Maroon Pigeon "Columba thomensis" (E)
*São Tomé Pigeon "Columba malherbii" (E)
*Lemon Dove "Columba larvata"
*Forest Dove "Columba simplex" (E)
*Laughing Dove "Streptopelia senegalensis"
*São Tomé Green Pigeon "Treron sanctithomae" (E)
*African Green Pigeon "Treron calva"

Parrots, Macaws and allies

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak shape. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and the have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two back. There are 335 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Red-headed Lovebird "Agapornis pullarius"
*Gray Parrot "Psittacus erithacus"

Cuckoos and Anis

Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Unlike the cuckoo species of the Old World, North American cuckoos are not brood parasites. There are 138 species worldwide and 4–5 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Pied Cuckoo "Clamator jacobinus"
*Great Spotted Cuckoo "Clamator glandarius"
*Common Cuckoo "Cuculus canorus"
*Klaas's Cuckoo "Chrysococcyx klaas" (?)
*African Emerald Cuckoo "Chrysococcyx cupreus"

Barn owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. There are 16 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Barn Owl "Tyto alba"

Typical owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. There are 195 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*African Scops Owl "Otus senegalensis"
*São Tomé Scops Owl "Otus hartlaubi" (E)

wifts

Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small aerial birds, spending the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings that resemble a crescent or a boomerang. There are 98 species worldwide and 3–5 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*São Tomé Spinetail "Zoonavena thomensis" (E)
*African Palm Swift "Cypsiurus parvus"
*African Black Swift "Cypsiurus parvus" (?)
*Common Swift "Apus apus" (?)
*Little Swift "Apus affinis"

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. There are 95+ species worldwide and 5 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Príncipe Kingfisher "Alcedo nais" (E)
*São Tomé Kingfisher "Alcedo thomensis" (E)
*White-bellied Kingfisher "Alcedo leucogaster"
*Blue-breasted Kingfisher "Halcyon malimbica"
*Pied Kingfisher "Ceryle rudis"

Typical Rollers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. There are 12 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*European Roller "Coracias garrulus"

Hoopoes

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Upupidae

*Hoopoe "Upupa epops" (A)

wallows and Martins

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The Hirundinidae family is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Their adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and short bills with wide gape. The feet are designed for perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are 75 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Banded Martin "Riparia cincta"
*Barn Swallow "Hirundo rustica"
*House Martin "Delichon urbica"

Wagtails and Pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

The Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 54 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*African Pied Wagtail "Motacilla aguimp"

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. There are 335 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*São Tomé Thrush "Turdus olivaceofuscus"

Cisticolas and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. There are 111 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*São Tomé Prinia "Prinia molleri" (E)

Old World warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. The Sylviidae mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. There are 291 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Sedge Warbler "Acrocephalus schoenobaenus" (A)
*Garden Warbler "Sylvia borin" (A)
*Bocage's Longbill "Amaurocichla bocagei"

Old World flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is very varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. There 274 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Spotted Flycatcher "Muscicapa striata"
*Dohrn's Flycatcher "Horizorhinus dohrni"

Monarch flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines, which hunt by flycatching. There are 99 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Black-headed Paradise-flycatcher "Terpsiphone rufiventer"
*São Tomé Paradise-flycatcher "Terpsiphone atrochalybeia" (E)

unbirds and Spiderhunters

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nectariniidae

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. There are 131 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Príncipe Sunbird "Anabathmis hartlaubii" (E)
*Newton's Sunbird "Anabathmis newtonii" (E)
*São Tomé Sunbird "Dreptes thomensis" (E)
*Eastern Olive Sunbird "Cyanomitra olivacea"
*Western Olive Sunbird "Cyanomitra obscura"

White-eyes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and are mostly of undistinguished appearance, the plumage above being generally either some dull color like greenish olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests many species have a white ring around the eyes. There are 96 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Black-capped Speirops "Speirops lugubris"
*Príncipe Speirops "Speirops leucophoeus" (E)
*São Tomé White-eye "Zosterops ficedulinus" (E)
*Annobón White-eye "Zosterops griseovirescens" (E)

Old World Orioles

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae

The Old World Orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. There are 29 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Eurasian Golden Oriole "Oriolus oriolus"
*São Tomé Oriole "Oriolus crassirostris" (E)

hrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. There are 31 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Lesser Gray Shrike "Lanius minor"
*Newton's Fiscal "Lanius newtoni" (E)

Drongos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly are black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright whilst perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. There are 24 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Fork-tailed Drongo "Dicrurus adsimilis"
*Velvet-mantled Drongo "Dicrurus modestus"

tarlings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct, and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. There are 125 species worldwide and 2 or 3 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Splendid Glossy-starling "Lamprotornis splendidus" (?)
*Príncipe Glossy-starling "Lamprotornis ornatus" (E)
*Chestnut-winged Starling "Onychognathus fulgidus"

Weavers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season. There are 116 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Príncipe Golden-weaver "Ploceus princeps" (E)
*Vitelline Masked-weaver "Ploceus vitellinus"
*Village Weaver "Ploceus cucullatus" (I)
*Giant Weaver "Ploceus grandis" (E)
*Black-headed Weaver "Ploceus melanocephalus"
*São Tomé Weaver "Ploceus sanctithomae" (E)
*Red-headed Quelea "Quelea erythrops"
*Black-winged Bishop "Euplectes hordeaceus"
*Golden-backed Bishop "Euplectes aureus"
*White-winged Widowbird "Euplectes albonotatus"

Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed-eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colours and pattern. There are 141 species worldwide and 4 or 5 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Chestnut-breasted Negrofinch "Nigrita bicolor"
*Blue-breasted Cordonbleu "Uraeginthus angolensis"
*Cinderella Waxbill "Estrilda thomensis" (?)
*Common Waxbill "Estrilda astrild" (I)
*Bronze Mannikin "Spermestes cucullatus"

Indigobirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Viduidae

The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finch species. There are 20 species worldwide and 1 or 2 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*Pin-tailed Whydah "Vidua macroura"
*Eastern Paradise Whydah "Vidua paradisaea" (I) (?)

iskins, Crossbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and 9 primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. There are 137 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe.

*São Tomé Grosbeak "Neospiza concolor" (E)
*Yellow-fronted Canary "Serinus mozambicus"
*Príncipe Seedeater "Serinus rufobrunneus" (E)

ee also

*List of birds
*Lists of birds by region

References

*cite web
last = Lepage
first = Denis
authorlink =
coauthors =
year =
url = http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?region=st&pg=checklist&list=clements
title = Checklist of birds of São Tomé and Príncipe
format =
work = Bird Checklists of the World
publisher = Avibase
accessdate = 27 April
accessyear = 2007
*cite book
title=Birds of the World: a Checklist
first= James F.
last = Clements
publisher = Cornell University Press
date = 2000
id = ISBN 0934797161
pages = 880
*cite web
last = African Bird Club
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 2007
url = http://www.africanbirdclub.org/countries/SãoTome/news.html
title = São Tomé e Príncipe: News
format =
work =
publisher = ABC
accessdate = 2 March
accessyear = 2008