Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy

Emmanuel Philibert
Duke of Savoy
Reign	1553 – 1580
Predecessor	Charles III
Successor	Charles Emmanuel I
Spouse	Margaret of France
Issue
Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy
House	House of Savoy
Father	Charles III of Savoy
Mother	Beatrice of Portugal
Born	8 July 1528(1528-07-08) Chambéry
Died	30 August 1580(1580-08-30) (aged 52) Turin, Italy

Coat of Arms of the Dukes of Savoy after Emmanuel Philibert

Emmanuel Philibert (in Italian Emanuele Filiberto; known as "Testa di ferro" in English "Ironhead," because of his military career, 8 July 1528 – 30 August 1580) was Duke of Savoy from 1553 to 1580.

Born in Chambéry, Emmanuel Philibert was the only child of Charles III, Duke of Savoy and Beatrice of Portugal to reach adulthood. His mother was sister-in-law to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the future duke served in Charles's army during the war against Francis I of France, distinguishing himself by capturing Hesdin in July 1553. A month later, he became duke on the death of his father, but this was a nearly empty honour, as the vast majority of his hereditary lands had been occupied and administered by the French since 1536. Instead, he continued to serve the Habsburgs in hopes of recovering his lands, and served his maternal first cousin King Philip II as Governor of the Netherlands from 1555-1559.

In this capacity he personally led the Spanish invasion of northern France and won a brilliant victory at Saint-Quentin in August 1557. He was a suitor to Lady Elizabeth Tudor, the future Queen Elizabeth I. He had barely any money at that time.

By the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis between France and Spain, (1559) the duchy was restored to Emmanuel Philibert and he married his half-first cousin once removed Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (1523–1574), daughter of King Francis I of France and sister to King Henry II. Their only child was Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy.

Following his uncle's, Henry I of Portugal, death (31 January 1580) Emmanuel Philibert fought to impose his rights as a claimant to the Portuguese throne. However, he soon realised that he had quite a fragile position due to his cousin, Philip II of Spain claims who, in the end, managed to conquer the country and the Crown.

Emmanuel Philibert spent his rule regaining what had been lost in the costly wars with France. A skilled political strategist, he took advantage of various squabbles in Europe to slowly regain territory from both the French and the Spanish, including the city of Turin. He also purchased two territories. Internally, he moved the capital of the duchy from Chambéry to Turin and replaced Latin as the duchy's official language with Italian.^[1] He was attempting to acquire the marquisate of Saluzzo when he died in Turin.^[2]

Notes

1. ^ Francesco Bruni, ‘La politica linguistica di Emanuele Filiberto’, Storia della Lingua Italiana, Rai International: Italica.
2. ^ Cambridge modern History, Volume 1, Stanley Leathes, G. W. (George Walter) Prothero, Sir Adolphus William Ward, CUP Archive, 1964, pg. 399-400

See also

• 1580 Portuguese succession crisis

Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy House of Savoy Born: 8 July 1528 Died: 30 August 1580
Regnal titles
Preceded by Charles III	Duke of Savoy 1553–1580	Succeeded by Charles Emmanuel I
Political offices
Preceded by Mary of Austria	Governor of the Netherlands 1555–1559	Succeeded by Margaret of Parma

Persondata
Name	Emmanuel Philibert Of Savoy, Duke
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	8 July 1528
Place of birth	Chambéry
Date of death	30 August 1580
Place of death	Turin, Italy