Kronen Zeitung

Kronen Zeitung

Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Tabloid
Owner	Hans Dichand, WAZ-Mediengruppe
Publisher	Krone Multimedia GmbH & Co KG
Editor	Christof Dichand
Founded	1900
Political alignment	Populist
Headquarters	Muthgasse 2, A-1190 Vienna
Official website	www.krone.at

The Kronen Zeitung, commonly known as the Krone, is Austria's largest newspaper. According to a Österreichische Media-Analyse study, the average daily readership is 2,970,000 (14 years or older), which corresponds to 43,7% of all newspaper readers. The number of daily copies printed was 1,006,134 in the first half of 2004, according to the Österreichische Auflagenkontrolle (ÖAK).

Its political positioning is social right wing and economic left wing. The Kronen Zeitung has often been accused of abusing its near monopoly to manipulate public opinion in Austria. Its many critics blame its populist style and emphasis on the topic of immigration for allegedly spreading fear and hatred among its readers. The paper is also known for being very EU-critical.

History

The first issue of the Kronen Zeitung appeared on 2 January 1900. Gustav Davis, a former army officer, was the founder. The name was not an homage to the monarchy (Krone means crown), but refers to the monthly purchase price of one crown. This affordable price was possible because bureaucratic duties on newspapers (Zeitungsstempelgebühr) were abolished on 31 December 1899.

The newspaper struggled in its first three years until it reported the very important story of the regicide in Belgrade of King Aleksandar Obrenović, and consequently achieved enormous popularity. The paper also became well known for its featured novels and other innovations, such as games for readers. By 1906 the newspaper had sold 100,000 copies. Franz Lehár composed a waltz for the newspaper for their 10,000th issue. After the Anschluß of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, all media had to undergo the Gleichschaltung, which meant losing all independence. The war took a further toll and on August 31, 1944 the paper had to shut down.

Rebirth of the Krone

In 1959, the journalist and previous editor-in-chief of the Kurier newspaper Hans Dichand bought the rights to the Krone name. He refounded the newspaper as the Neue Kronen Zeitung. This remains the official name, but the newspaper refers to itself as the Kronen Zeitung. First released on April 11, 1959, it soon became Austria's most influential tabloid newspaper, but also the most controversial. At the beginning of the 1960s the journalist Fritz Molden wanted to buy the paper, but, according to Dichand, the Creditanstalt bank would not give him the necessary credit.

The circumstances concerning the purchase of the Kronen by Dichand are shrouded in mystery. The highly influential SPÖ politician Franz Olah, then vice-president of the Austrian Trade Union Federation (ÖGB), brought Dichand into contact with the German businessman Ferdinand Karpik, who wanted to buy a share of 50%. Marketing strategist Kurt Falk became Dichand's right-hand man, and the Krone developed into one of the most widely-read Austrian newspapers.

In the middle of the 1960s, the ÖGB suddenly raised ownership claims on the Krone. They claimed that the former vice-president Franz Olah misused the trade union's funds for the purchase of the newspaper, using the German investor as a stooge. The newspaper responded with a smear campaign against the social democratic SPÖ party, which was considered the first successful campaign by the newspaper. A court case followed between the newspaper and the trade union federation which lasted many years. The ÖGB finally settled with an 11 million Schillings compensation deal, and Kurt Falk took over the 50% from Ferdinand Karpik.

Kurt Falk himself left the newspaper after a long fight with Dichand in the 1980s. He sold his shares to the German WAZ media group, which is said to have close connections to the German social democratic SPD party. In 1989 Hans Mahr, an advisor to Dichand since 1983, took over as manager.

Methods used by the newspaper

It became apparent soon after the re-establishment of the Krone that the newspaper used unorthodox methods against the competition.

• Kurt Falk is considered the inventor of the so-called "Sonntagsstandln", which are plastic bags with little money boxes installed on poles on the streets and pavements, containing the Sunday edition (on Sundays, most shops are closed in Austria). This idea, which was derided by the competition in the beginning, quickly caught on and is very popular today.
• In 1963 Kurt Falk came to a mutual agreement with the competitor at that time Kleines Volksblatt that both papers would change from a small format to broadsheet. The Kleines Volksblatt kept their end of the bargain and changed their format, but the Kronen Zeitung kept their original small format and thereby won 40,000 new readers. When the Kleines Volksblatt subsequently folded, the Krone could not resist poking fun at them for having changed their format in the first place.
• In 1970 Falk and Dichand bought the tabloid Express, shutting it down after the acquisition.
• After one of the most important printing houses of Austria, the Pressehaus in Vienna, was sold in 1972 to the BAWAG bank (which in turn had close connections to the socialist ÖGB union), the Krone threatened to build its own printing house and thus forced the BAWAG to sell the whole deal to the Krone.
• In 1995 the Krone sued the Viennese city newspaper Falter for several million Schillings for allegedly having violated the competition laws because of a gaming action. The Falter only barely escaped financial ruin. It is suspected that the Krone tried to shut down the Falter because of its critical reporting of the Krone. In the Austrian National Council, the Green politician Karl Öllinger called the case an attack on press-freedom.
• After broadcasting the critical documentary Kronen Zeitung - Tag für Tag ein Boulevardstück (Kronen Zeitung - Day by day a boulevard play) by the Franco-German TV station Arte, the Krone eliminated the station from their TV page. Austrian National Television, the ORF probably decided not to show the documentary in order to avoid conflict. However, when in 2005 the private Austrian TV station ATV+ showed the documentary, no further action was taken from part of the Krone.

The Krone today

Appearance, layout

The Krone appears daily, in colour, containing approximately 80 pages. At the newsagent the paper costs €1.0 and uses a tabloid format (similar to A4 paper size). The editions vary from state to state, except for the state of Vorarlberg, which does not have its own version.

Structure and owners

Editor-in-chief is Christoph Dichand, son of the founder and publisher Hans Dichand. The appointment of the son led to a power struggle between the Dichand family and the WAZ, a German media group that holds 50% of the company. Acting editor-in-chief chosen by the WAZ is Michael Kuhn, publisher of the Mediaprint newspaper printing company.

Characteristics

• A characteristic of the Krone is its large number of opinion columns; there are 16 regularly appearing columns from individual authors. The most important Krone columnists are Günther Nenning, Wolf Martin and the former bishop of St. Pölten, Kurt Krenn, who writes under the pseudonym Christianus. The publisher Hans Dichand himself sometimes writes comments to topics which are personally important to him, sometimes on the title page, under the alias Cato.
• A characteristic of the Krone is its relatively short article length (maximum: 1,600 characters).
• The newspaper organises regular campaigns and, at the same time, starts or supports referendums on issues such as animal protection, protests against the Czech nuclear power station Temelín, or the purchase of fighter jets by the Austrian government. One of the most successful campaigns of the newspaper was against the construction of a hydro-electric power plant at Hainburg an der Donau in the 1980s.
• In line with this pronounced anti-technology stance, matters of basic or applied science are ignored unless they are represented as dangerous in a vague but broad fashion (as is evident in the papers's strong bias against all forms of genetic engineering) or as having a bizarre dimension.

Nudity

The Krone features the picture of a topless or semi-naked woman "Girl des Tages" or "Girl of the day", usually on page three, five or seven.

The power of the Krone

July 2006 ad campaign encouraging people not to believe anything until they have read it in the Krone.

With about three million readers out of Austria's total population of approximately eight million. The Krone has nearly three times as many readers as its strongest competitor, the Kleine Zeitung (12.4% share of all readers).

Nevertheless, certain regional differences between eastern and western Austria exist which affect the newspaper. In eastern states (such as Burgenland) it has almost a 60% share of the market, but in western states such as the Tyrol and Vorarlberg the Krone has barely penetrated the market. While in Vorarlberg the Krone is totally insignificant, in Tyrol it has been able to make some gains. Local newspapers there, such as the Tiroler Tageszeitung, now fear for their positions. In response, the Tiroler Tageszeitung created its own tabloid in 2004, called Die Neue.

Publishing house and marketing company Mediaprint

In the 1990s the Krone, together with the second-strongest newspaper Kurier, founded the publishing house and marketing company Mediaprint, which took over the print, marketing, and sales of the two newspapers. Many observers at that point already spoke of a monopoly. In 2000, the most successful Austrian magazine group, the NEWS media company, which owns the magazines NEWS, Profil, E-Media, Format and Trend, merged with Mediaprint. Since then the majority of printed media in Austria in effect comes from the same company.

Controversy

In 2004 Elfriede Jelinek, a long-time and sharp critic of the newspaper, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Despite this being a major event for Austria, the main headline on the Kronen Zeitung's first page read "You may lose your driving license" and a short article about Jelinek was hidden deep within the paper. Over the years the paper had been at odds with her and its columnists had aggressively denounced her.

Focused interference in Austrian politics

Many Austrian intellectuals hold the Kronen Zeitung responsible for the gains of the far right Freedom Party in the 1999 elections, claiming its journalism is selective to an unacceptable degree.

However, until 2007 the effect of the Kronen-Zeitung on Austrian politics, though regarded as extremely strong, had ultimately been indirect. In 2008 a new policy became apparent when the paper orchestrated a focused (and successful) campaign for the replacement of chancellor Alfred Gusenbauer as the head of the SPÖ by Werner Faymann, a decade-long close friend of Hans Dichand.

On June 27, 2008 while the change of the guard at the top of the SPÖ was still ongoing, the paper published an open letter by Faymann (co-signed by Gusenbauer) to Dichand^[1] in which the politicians announced that the party would make Austrian acceptance of EU decisions in "important matters" (such as a rephrasing of the EU Treaty or the admission of Turkey as a new member) contingent on the outcome of an Austrian popular referendum on such matters. This amounted to a U-turn in socialist policy, and constituted an adoption of a long-term central demand of the Kronen-Zeitung. In the campaign for the snap elections of September 28, 2008 which were to a large part precipitated by this action, the Kronen-Zeitung openly and massively campaigned for Faymann as the next chancellor.

However, in the campaign for the June 2009 European parliament elections the Kronen-Zeitung threw its entire weight behind Hans-Peter Martin, a populist ex-member of the SPÖ's European parliament team. Although it is impossible to quantify the exact contribution of the Kronen-Zeitung's support for Hans-Peter Martin's List to the 17.9% of the Austrian votes it secured in these elections, this figure is an approximate indicator for the newspaper's political muscle. According to a post-vote poll by the agency Gfk Austria,^[2] 70% of Hans-Peter Martin's List voters at that election were readers of the Kronen-Zeitung, and 29% of all Kronen-Zeitung readers actually voted for him.

References

1. ^ Volksabstimmung für neuen EU-Vertrag.Full text of the Faymann-Gusenbauer open letter
2. ^ Plasser F, Ulram PA. Analyse der Europawahl 2009. Gfk Austria. p. 36 PDF at Gfk Austria Archived

• Fidler, Harald: Im Vorhof der Schlacht. Falter-Verlag, Wien 2004, ISBN 3-85439-341-5
• Steinmaurer, Thomas: Konzentriert und verflochten. Studien Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-7065-1755-8

External links

• Official website (German)
• AEIOU Kronen-Zeitung (German)