NSA cryptography

NSA cryptography

The vast majority of the National Security Agency's work on encryption is classified, but from time to time NSA participates in standards processes or otherwise publishes information about its cryptographic algorithms. The NSA has categorized encryption items into four product types, and algorithms into two suites. The following is a brief and incomplete summary of public knowledge about NSA algorithms and protocols.

Contents

Type 1 Product

Main article: Type 1 encryption

A Type 1 Product refers to an NSA endorsed classified or controlled cryptographic item for classified or sensitive U.S. government information, including cryptographic equipment, assembly or component classified or certified by NSA for encrypting and decrypting classified and sensitive national security information when appropriately keyed.[1]

Name Type Specification Use Equipment (incomplete list)
ACCORDIAN (or ACCORDION) R21-TECH-13-00, "ACCORDIAN 3.0 Specification" (August 2000) AIM (1999 and 2004 brochures), SafeXcel-3340, PSIAM [2]
AES (256-bit keys only) Block cipher FIPS 197 Numerous Numerous
BATON Block cipher Various PKCS#11, CDSA/CSSM, AIM (1999 and 2004 brochures), Cypris, APCO Project 25, MYK-85, Fortezza Plus, SecNet-11, Sierra, SafeXcel-3340, PSIAM [2]
BAYLESS Cypris
BYTEMAN Cypris
CARDIGAN Cypris
CARDHOLDER Satellite uplink command encryption Cypris, KI-17, U-AYJ Flight Decrypt Chip (Cardholder), Flight Encrypt Chip (Cardholder), MYK-16, CXS-810, CXS-2000, MCU-100, MCU-600
CARIBOU Satellite uplink command encryption U-TXZ, MYK-15A
CRAYON AIM (2004 brochure), Cypris (4 modes)
FASTHASH Cryptographic hash function MISSI Type 1 hash PKCS #11, CDSA/CSSM
FIREFLY / Enhanced FIREFLY EKMS public-key cooperative key generation AIM (2004), SafeXcel-3340, SecNet54, ViaSat KG-25x, PSIAM [2]
GOODSPEED Sierra II
HAVE QUICK Antijam, LPI/LPD airborne voice communication Cypris
JACKNIFE AIM (2004)for IFF Mode 5
JOSEKI R21-TECH-0062-92, "JOSEKI-1, A Bootstrap Procedures" (Oct. 1992) (also R21-TECH-13-97, R21-TECH-13-98) Protection of secret algorithms in firmware AIM, PSIAM [2]
JUNIPER Block cipher PKCS #11, CDSA/CSSM
KEESEE AIM (1999 and 2004 brochures), Cypris, PSIAM [2]
Mark XII IFF IFF secondary radar AIM (2004 brochure)
MAYFLY Asymmetric-key algorithm PKCS #11, CDSA/CSSM
MEDLEY R21-TECH-30-01, "MEDLEY Implementation Standard" (Nov. 2001) AIM (2004), SecNet 54, SafeXcel-3340, ViaSat KG25x, PSIAM [2]
PEGASUS Satellite telemetry and mission data downlinks KG-227, KG-228, KI-17, U-BLW Pegasus Space Microcircuit Chip, U-BLX Pegasus Ground Microcircuit Chip, MYK-17, CXS-810, CXS-2000, MCU-100, MCU-600
PHALANX AIM (1999 and 2004 brochures), Cypris (PHALANX I and PHALANX II)
SAVILLE Low-bandwidth voice (and sometimes data) encryption AIM (1999 and 2004 brochures), Cypris (2 modes), Windster (SAVILLE I), VINSON
VALLOR TTY broadcasts to submarines AIM (2004)
WALBURN High-bandwidth link encryption AIM (2004), KG-81/94/194/95
PADSTONE Cypris (2 modes), Windster, Indictor
WEASEL SafeXcel-3340

Type 2 Product

Main article: Type 2 encryption

A Type 2 Product refers to an NSA endorsed unclassified cryptographic equipment, assemblies or components for sensitive but unclassified U.S. government information.

Name Type Specification Use Equipment (incomplete list)
CORDOBA Cypris, Windster, Indictor
KEA Asymmetric-key algorithm R21-Tech-23-94, "Key Exchange Algorithm (KEA)" Key exchange and digital signature algorithm for Fortezza, etc. Fortezza, Fortezza Plus, Palladium Secure Modem
SKIPJACK Block cipher R21-Tech-044-91, "SKIPJACK" Confidentiality algorithm for Fortezza, etc. Fortezza, Fortezza Plus, Palladium Secure Modem

Type 3 Product

Main article: Type 3 encryption

Unclassified cryptographic equipment, assembly, or component used, when appropriately keyed, for encrypting or decrypting unclassified sensitive U.S. Government or commercial information, and to protect systems requiring protection mechanisms consistent with standard commercial practices. A Type 3 Algorithm refers to NIST endorsed algorithms, registered and FIPS published, for sensitive but unclassified U.S. government and commercial information.

Name Type Specification Use Equipment (incomplete list)
DES Data Encryption Standard Block cipher FIPS 46-3 Ubiquitous Ubiquitous
AES Advanced Encryption Standard Block cipher FIPS 197 Numerous Numerous
DSA Digital Signature Algorithm Digital signature system FIPS 186 Numerous Numerous
SHA Secure Hash Algorithm Cryptographic hash function FIPS 180-2 Ubiquitous Ubiquitous

Type 4 Product

Main article: Type 4 encryption

A Type 4 Algorithm refers to algorithms that are registered by the NIST but are not FIPS published. Unevaluated commercial cryptographic equipment, assemblies, or components that neither NSA nor NIST certify for any Government usage.

Algorithm Suites

Suite A

Main article: NSA Suite A Cryptography

A set of NSA unpublished algorithms that is intended for highly sensitive communication and critical authentication systems.

Suite B

Main article: NSA Suite B Cryptography

A set of NSA endorsed cryptographic algorithms for use as an interoperable cryptographic base for both unclassified information and most classified information. Suite B was announced on 16 February 2005.

Suite C

A set of NSA endorsed cryptographic algorithms for use as an interoperable cryptographic base for both unclassified information and most classified information. Suite C is currently awaiting approval.

See also


References

  1. ^ "National Information Assurance Glossary"; CNSS Instruction No. 4009 National Information Assurance Glossary
  2. ^ a b c d e f PSIAM
v · d · e Cryptography

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Cryptography API: Next Generation — Entwickler Microsoft Corp. Aktuelle Version 1.0 Betriebssystem Windows Kategorie Entwicklung Lizenz …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Cryptography — Secret code redirects here. For the Aya Kamiki album, see Secret Code. Symmetric key cryptography, where the same key is used both for encryption and decryption …   Wikipedia

  • NSA Suite B Cryptography — Suite B is a set of cryptographic algorithms promulgated by the National Security Agency as part of its Cryptographic Modernization Program. It is to serve as an interoperable cryptographic base for both unclassified information and most… …   Wikipedia

  • NSA encryption systems — The National Security Agency took over responsibility for all U.S. Government encryption systems when it was formed in 1952. The technical details of most NSA approved systems are still classified, but much more about its early systems has become …   Wikipedia

  • NSA Suite A Cryptography — National Security Agency (NSA) Suite A Cryptography contains classified algorithms that will not be released. Suite A will be used for the protection of some categories of especially sensitive information (a small percentage of the overall… …   Wikipedia

  • NSA in fiction — One major portion of the signals intelligence body of the United States of America (U.S.), the National Security Agency (NSA), has been featured in spy fiction over the past two decades, as public awareness of its existence has grown. The… …   Wikipedia

  • NSA Suite B Cryptography — Die NSA Suite B Cryptography oder kurz Suite B ist eine Sammlung kryptographischer Algorithmen, die 2005 von der NSA zusammengestellt wurde. Die Algorithmen für einen Einsatz im hochsensiblen Bereich Suite A wurden noch nicht veröffentlicht.… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Cryptography standards — There are a number of standards related to cryptography. Standard algorithms and protocols provide a focus for study; standards for popular applications attract a large amount of cryptanalysis. Contents 1 Encryption standards 2 Hash standards 3… …   Wikipedia

  • NSA in popular culture — One major portion of the signals intelligence body of the United States of America (U.S.), the National Security Agency (NSA), has been featured in spy fiction over the past two decades, as public awareness of its existence has grown. The… …   Wikipedia

  • Cryptography Research and Evaluation Committee — CRYPTREC (Cryptography Research and Evaluation Committee) est un comité d experts en cryptologie mis en place par le gouvernement japonais dans le but d évaluer des algorithmes cryptographiques et d établir des recommandations pour le… …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/538353 Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”