Viceregal consort of Canada

Viceregal consort of Canada
The Countess of Bessborough (right), viceregal consort of Canada, with her husband, the Earl of Bessborough, in their official photograph as governor general and viceregal consort of Canada, 1933

The viceregal consort of Canada is the spouse of the serving governor general of Canada, assisting the viceroy with ceremonial and charitable work, accompanying him or her to official state occasions, and occasionally undertaking philanthropic work of their own. As the hostess of the royal and viceroyal residence in Ottawa, the consort, if female, is also known as the Chatelaine of Rideau Hall. This individual, who ranks third in the Canadian order of precedence, after the Canadian monarch and the governor general, is addressed as His or Her Excellency while their spouse is in office, and is made ex officio a Companion of the Order of Canada and a Knight or Dame of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.[1]

Only once has the title of Chatelaine of Rideau Hall been held by someone who was not the spouse of the governor general — as Vincent Massey was a widower, his daughter-in-law, Lilias Massey, held the title and performed the official duties of the Chatelaine. Unlike a viceregal consort, however, Lilias Massey was not addressed as Her Excellency.

Contents

Role

The position of the viceregal consort carries no official duties and receives no salary. However, consorts have held and do hold a prominent and visible position in the Canadian affairs of state, taking part in official occasions, such as the Speech From the Throne and Order of Canada investitures, and national celebrations, such as Canada Day events on Parliament Hill, as well as both welcoming foreign dignitaries to Canada and accompanying the governor general on state visits abroad. These practices evolved from the original role as the hostess of the royal and viceroyal residences in Ottawa (Rideau Hall) and Quebec City (La Citadelle), a tradition maintained only by female viceregal consorts, who oversee the planning of ceremonies and functions of state that take place at either of the official residences.

Over the course of the 20th century, it became increasingly common for viceregal consorts to select and pursue on their own initiative various charitable projects.[1] Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, whose husband served as governor general during the Second World War, volunteered her time to the war effort in Canada, especially women's organisations such as the Royal Canadian Air Force Women's Division. The activities chosen are typically apolitical and non-divisive. However, some consorts have stirred controversy through their work; Jean-Daniel Lafond, who promoted Canadian art — film in particular — and involved himself in the Francophone community, made a documentary while viceregal consort that attracted criticism from the National Post that Lafond had shown strong anti-Americanism and had been sympathetic to an admitted assassin.[2][3][4]

List of viceregal consorts

Viceregal consorts of New France, 16271760

# Name Dates Spouse
1 Hélène de Champlain (born Boullé) 16271635 Samuel de Champlain
None 16351648 Charles de Montmagny
2 Marie-Barbe d'Ailleboust (née de Boullongne)[5] 16481651 Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge
None[n 1] 16511657 Jean de Lauson
None 16581661 Le vicompte de Mouzay
None 16611663 Le baron d'Avaugour
None 16631665 Augustin de Saffray de Mésy
None 16651672 Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle
3 La comptesse de Frontenac et de Palluau (née Anne de la Grange-Trianon)[n 2][7] 16721682 Le comte de Frontenac et de Palluau
4 Marie Mandat[n 3][8] 16821685 Joseph-Antoine de La Barre
5 La marquise de Denonville (née Catherine Courtin)[9] 16851689 Le marquis de Denonville
None 16891698 Le comte de Frontenac et de Palluau
None 16981703 Louis-Hector de Callière
6 La marquise de Vaudreuil (née Louise-Élisabeth de Joybert)[10] 17031725 Le marquis de Vaudreuil
7 La marquise de Beauharnois (née Renée Pays)[n 2][11] 17251747 Le marquis de Beauharnois
8 La marquise de La Galissonnière (née Marie-Catherine-Antoinette de Lauson)[n 3][12] 17471749 Le marquis de La Galissonnière
9 La marquise de la Jonquière (née Marie-Angélique de La Valette)[n 3][13] 17491752 Le marquis de la Jonquière
None 17521755 Le marquis du Quesne
None 17551760 Le marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal

Viceregal consorts of British North America, 17601867

# Name Dates Spouse
10 Lady Jane Amherst (née Dalison)[n 3][14] 17601763 Sir Jeffrey Amherst
11 Cordelia Murray (née Collier)[n 3][15] 17641768 James Murray
12 Lady Maria Carleton (née Howard)[n 3][16] 17681778 Sir Guy Carleton
None 17781786 Sir Frederick Haldimand
12 The Lady Dorchester (previously Lady Maria Carleton)[n 3] 17861796 The Lord Dorchester
13 Unknown 17961799 Robert Prescott
14 Lady Charlotte Frances Milnes (née Bentinck)[17] 17991805 Sir Robert Shore Milnes
15 Lady Henriette Dunn (née Guichaud)[18] 18051807 Sir Thomas Dunn
None 18071811 Sir James Henry Craig
16 Lady Catherine Anne Prévost (née Phipps)[19] 18111815 Sir George Prévost
17 Lady Margaret Drummond (née Russell)[n 3][20] 18151816 Sir Gordon Drummond
18 Lady Katherine Sherbrooke (née Pyndar)[21] 18161818 Sir John Coape Sherbrooke
19 The Duchess of Richmond (née Charlotte Gordon)[22] 18181820 The Duke of Richmond
20 The Countess of Dalhousie (née Christina Broun)[23] 18201828 The Earl of Dalhousie
None 18281830 Sir James Kempt
21 The Lady Aylmer (née Louisa Anne Call)[24] 18301835 The Lord Aylmer
22 The Countess of Gosford (née Mary Sparrow)[25] 18351837 The Earl of Gosford
23 Lady Elizabeth Seaton (née Yonge)[26] 18371838 Sir John Colborne
24 The Countess of Durham (née Lady Louisa Elizabeth Grey)[27] 18381839 The Earl of Durham
None 18391941 The Lord Sydenham
25 Mary Charlotte Anne Bagot (née Wellesley-Pole)[28] 18421843 Sir Charles Bagot
None 18431845 Sir Charles Metcalfe
26 The Countess Cathcart (née Henrietta Mather)[n 3][29] 18461847 The Earl Cathcart
27 The Countess of Elgin and Kincardine (née Lady Mary Lambton)[30] 18471854 The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine
28 Lady Anna Maria Head (née Yorke)[31] 18541861 Sir Edmund Walker Head
29 The Viscountess Monck (née Lady Elizabeth Louise Mary Monck)[32] 18611867 The Viscount Monck

Viceregal consorts of Canada, 1867present

# Name Dates Spouse
29 The Viscountess Monck (née Lady Elizabeth Louise Mary Monck) 18671869 The Viscount Monck
30 The Lady Lisgar (née Adelaide Annabella Tuite Dalton)[33] 18691872 The Lord Lisgar
31 The Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava (née Hariot Georgina Rowan-Hamilton) 18721878 The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
32 The Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne 18781883 The Marquess of Lorne
33 The Marchioness of Lansdowne (née Lady Maud Evelyn Hamilton) 18831888 The Marquess of Lansdowne
34 The Countess of Derby (née Lady Constance Villiers)[34] 18881893 The Earl of Derby
35 The Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair (née Ishbel Maria Marjoribanks) 18931898 The Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair
36 The Countess of Minto (née Lady Mary Caroline Grey)[35] 18981904 The Earl of Minto
37 The Countess Grey (née Alice Holford)[36] 19041911 The Earl Grey
38 The Duchess of Connaught (née Princess Luise Margarete of Prussia) 19111916 Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
39 The Duchess of Devonshire (née Lady Evelyn Emily Mary FitzMaurice) 19161921 The Duke of Devonshire
40 The Lady Byng of Vimy (née Marie Evelyn Moreton) 19211926 The Lord Byng of Vimy
41 The Marchioness of Willingdon (née Lady Marie Adelaide Brassey) 19261931 The Marquess of Willingdon
42 The Countess of Bessborough (née Roberte de Neuflize) 19311935 The Earl of Bessborough
43 The Lady Tweedsmuir (née Susan Charlotte Grosvenor) 19351940 The Lord Tweedsmuir
44 Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (née Princess Alice of Albany) 19401946 The Earl of Athlone
45 The Viscountess Alexander of Tunis (née Lady Margaret Bingham) 19461952 The Viscount Alexander of Tunis
None[n 4] 19521959 Vincent Massey
46 Pauline Vanier (née Archer) 19591967 Georges Vanier
47 Norah Michener 19671974 Roland Michener
48 Gabrielle Léger (née Carmel) 19741979 Jules Léger
49 Lily Schreyer (née Schulz) 19791984 Edward Schreyer
50 Maurice Sauvé 19841990 Jeanne Sauvé
51 Karen Gerda Nygaard Hnatyshyn (née Andreasen) 19901995 Ramon John Hnatyshyn
52 Diana Fowler LeBlanc 19951999 Roméo LeBlanc
53 John Ralston Saul 19992005 Adrienne Clarkson
54 Jean-Daniel Lafond 20052010 Michaëlle Jean
55 Sharon Johnston 2010- David Lloyd Johnston

Canadian institutions established by Vice-regal Consorts

See also

  • List of royal consorts of Canada

Notes

  1. ^ Lauson's wife, Mariede Lauson (née Gaudar), died in France prior to the former's appointment as governor.[6]
  2. ^ a b The couple was separated during the governor's tenure.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i The governor's wife did not accompany him.
  4. ^ Massey's wife, Alice Massey (née Parkin), died prior to the former's appointment as governor general; his daughter-in-law, Lilias Massey, acted as Chatelaine of Rideau Hall.

References

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