St. Florian's Church

St. Florian's Church, Kraków

Matejko Square, with St. Florian's Church in background

The Collegiate Church of St. Florian (Polish: Kościół św. Floriana w Krakowie) is a historic church in Kraków, Poland. It stands at the northern end of Matejko Square and the former centre of the mediaeval city of Kleparz, now a district of Kraków. The edifice marks the beginning of the Royal Road.

St. Florian's Church was built between 1185 and 1216. It was consumed by fire many times in the 12th, 16th and 17th centuries. Notably, during the Swedish siege of Kraków, General Stefan Czarniecki ordered the city's suburbs burned down. However, during the city-wide fire which consumed a considerable part of Kraków in 1528, the church – containing St. Florian's relics – was miraculously saved. Since then St. Florian, usually portrayed as a Roman legion officer carrying water, has been revered in Poland as patron saint of firefighters and chimneysweeps. The church's present appearance is the result of a Baroque renovation that followed the Polish-Swedish wars.

Since the 16th century the Church has been the University Collegiate. The coronation route began there, with the rector of the university senate welcoming new kings. The Church was also the starting point for royal funeral processions to Wawel Cathedral.

In 1667 the remains of Queen Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, wife of King Jan II Kazimierz, were placed there temporarily, and in 1818 the remains of Tadeusz Kościuszko were put there to rest. From 17 September 1949 till September 1951, the future Blessed Pope John Paul II, then Father Karol Wojtyła, worked there as a vicar; in 1999 he elevated the Church to a minor basilica. He also visited the Church on his papal pilgrimage to Poland on 18 September 2002.^[1]

The legend

Legend has it that in 1184 oxen carrying the remains of St. Florian – the future patron saint of Poland – came to a halt at a place where the Church now stands. The relics miraculously grew too heavy to be taken any further into the city and remained in Kleparz until it was decided for the Church to be built at that exact spot.^[2] The martyr had had nothing do with Poland before his relics were brought from Rome to Kraków. Kraków needed a saint for political reasons, in order to reaffirm its role as Poland's capital, which was contested by the city of Gniezno.

The district of Kleparz was founded by Casimir the Great in 1366 as a separate town, around St. Florian's Church. It was named by King Casimir as Florencja (English: Florence) after its centrally located church, or in Latin, Clepardia.^[3] Kleparz remained an unofficial suburb of Kraków till 1792, when the Polish Parliament incorporated it within the city.

Selected reference

1. ^ Traces of Pope John Paul II: St. Florian's Church, at toptravelservice.pl
2. ^ Guide to Krakow webpage at www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk
3. ^ Kleparz webpage at wikitravel.org

• St. Florian's Church at travel.yahoo.com
• St. Florian's Church at krakow4u.pl
• Kleparz at what-where-when.pl
• Story of St. Florian's relics (Polish language only)

See also

• Collegiate Church of St. Florian at wikitravel.org
• Catholic Online article about St. Florian
• St. Florian's Gate
• St. Florian's Cathedral, Warsaw

Coordinates: 50°04′03″N 19°56′35″E / 50.0676°N 19.9431°E / 50.0676; 19.9431