Government Conference Centre

Government Conference Centre originally operated as the city's railway station

The Government Conference Centre is a government building in downtown Ottawa, Canada, located at 2 Rideau Street. It is situated at the intersection of Wellington Street and the Rideau Canal, just a short distance from the Parliament buildings and Confederation Square, and across the street from the Château Laurier hotel, completed around the same time.

History

History of Railroads in Ottawa

Ottawa became part the transcontinental rail network on June 28, 1886, when Pacific Express connected it to Hull and then onto Lachute, Quebec.^[1] It used the existing Prince of Wales Bridge to cross the Ottawa River near the site of the present-day O-Train Bayview Station, west of Parliament Hill. This rail bridge had been built in 1880 and was transferred to Canadian Pacific Railway in 1882.

Broad Street Station, 1908, replaced a station lost in the great 1900 Hull–Ottawa fire

Before the turn of the century, several railway companies had run their rail lines into the city and several had begun to build railway stations. In chronological order:^[2]

1. New Edinburgh: Bytown and Prescott Railway
2. Broad Street
3. Elgin Street: Canada Atlantic Railway: early 1880s
4. Nicholas Street at Mann Avenue: Ottawa and New York Railway: 1895

Broad Street, in the Lebreton Flats area, was the site of several stations, several of them perishing in fire.^[3] Broad Street was the link to the Prince of Wales Bridge, the link to the rest of Canada. Broad Street no longer exists, as it was part of the National Capital Commission's efforts at improving the capital area.

However, there was no central station until 1895, through efforts of John Rudolphus Booth.^[2] Booth was a Canadian lumber baron known for creating Canada's largest sawmill right in Ottawa, near Chaudière Falls. His mill's capacity exceeded the distribution infrastructure, and he looked to rail as a solution. (Eighteen years previous, he had established the Canada Atlantic Railway.) Booth had built a central depot in 1895 just south of Rideau Street, on the east side of the canal and reachable by way of a covered stairway from Sappers Bridge.^[4] The station seemed to not be truly serving the needs of the railway companies, since it was built for the interests of the Canada Atlantic Railway.^[2]

CPR's Royal Alexandra Interprovincial Bridge built in 1901 became the second railway bridge to cross the Ottawa River between Ottawa and Hull. It led to Booth's central depot. In 1905, Booth sold the Canadian Atlantic Railway to the Grand Trunk line.^[5]

In 1910, the Grand Trunk Railway was apportioned part of the Rideau Canal in order to build a new station and hotel.^[2] The hotel would become the famous Chateau Laurier, and the station would become Ottawa's Union Station.

Construction of Union Station

Construction of the station with view of railway lines and the Rideau Canal

The building was opened by the Grand Trunk Railway in 1912 as Ottawa's railway station, and the hotel was built across the street to serve travellers. Previously in Ottawa, each railway company had its own station. The Grand Trunk Railway company decided to allow other Railways to use this station, therefore clarifying and unifying passenger travel in the city.^[6]

Interestingly, the opening of the Union Station and the Chateau Laurier was not met with much fanfare when opened in June 1912, since Grand Trunk Railway general manager Charles Hays perished in the Titanic disaster two months previously.^[2]

The Doric Roman Revival multi pillar Union station ^[7] was originally designed by New York-based architect Bradford Lee Gilbert who was eventually dismissed due to concerns of mismanagement. The Montreal firm of Ross and MacFarlane took over the project, making many design changes to the station.^[8] Ross and MacFarlane also took over the design of the Château Laurier and later built Toronto's Union Station.

Both Canadian National Railways and Canadian Pacific Railway operated regularly scheduled passenger trains through the facility until it ceased operations on July 31, 1966. ^[9]

Connection to Railways

Several tracks which originated from the main railway infrastructure in Ottawa ran immediately adjacent to the Rideau Canal (right on its east banks) and led northward into the city. They approached Union Station through several sheds. From the sheds, emerged two tracks (on the east side of the Rideau Canal), and continued along, proceeding under the bridge where Wellington Street crosses the canal. They then ran immediately adjacent to the west side of Chateau Laurier, in a structure which was used for a time in a converted form, by the Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography. The track continued, where there is now a paved road and ran to the Alexandra (Interprovincial) Bridge.

Once in Hull, there was the possibility to continue to other parts of Quebec, or to return to Ottawa by making a turn and returning over the Prince of Wales Bridge. Some of the pathways in present day Gatineau are on locations where rails had once made this possible.

Post 1966

In 1966, the National Capital Commission decided to remove the tracks along the east side of the Canal, replacing them with a scenic drive, and a new Ottawa station was built just south of Ottawa's downtown area. While the NCC had originally planned to tear down the structure, it was spared, becoming the centre of Canada's centenary celebrations in 1967. After sitting empty for many years, it was turned into the Government Conference Centre. A new entrance and canopy at the rear of the building was built to provide greater security for the Commonwealth Prime Minister's meeting held in 1973. The same year, artist Bruce Garner sculpted bronze doors for the new entrance, titled Reflections of Canada.^[6]

Current usage and architecture

Interior view of the Baths of Caracalla-inspired Waiting Room

It has since been home to many gatherings of civil servants and politicians. In 2001, the building hosted the G20 conference, a gathering of 20 finance ministers from around the world.

As well as hosting conferences, the building is also sometimes used as a gallery. A section of the Berlin wall was on display inside the main entrance from September 27, 1991, until January 29, 2011. Because the location of the display was not widely publicized, it was decided that the segment would be more prominent at its new location in the Canadian War Museum.^[10]

The building is inspired by the Beaux-Arts architectural style. The main departures hall (now the main conference area) is based on the Great Hall of the Roman Baths of Caracalla at 3/4 scale. It is therefore similar to the now-destroyed departures hall of New York Penn Station.^[6]

The cavernous structure has never been well suited to its role as a conference centre.^{[citation needed]} In the mid-1990s a proposal was made to turn it into the new home for the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, but these plans fell through. In his final year in office, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien announced that the building would become home to a new museum of Canadian political history, but incoming Prime Minister Paul Martin cancelled this project, and it has remained a conference centre.^[11]

In 2007, the idea of reverting the building back to its original use sprang up as Ottawa considered various proposals for regional commuter rail systems. It is seen as being feasible to do so (although it would require a long tunnel to reconnect to the existing railway tracks)^{[citation needed]} ; however, the Government of Canada's Department of Public Works says the building is not for sale.^{[12][not in citation given]}

See also

• Ottawa Train Station

References

1. ^ "Ottawa History - 1886-1890". Bytown Museum. http://www.bytownmuseum.com/EN/fifteen-3.html. Retrieved 2011-08-10. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Van de Wetering, Marion (1997). An Ottawa Album: Glimpses of the Way We Were. p. 41. ISBN 0-88882-195-6. 
3. ^ http://www.railways.incanada.net/circle/findings.htm
4. ^ Woods, 1980, p.206
5. ^ Woods, 1980, p.207
6. ^ ^{a b c} Kalman, Harold; Roaf, John (1983). Exploring Ottawa: An Architectural Guide to the Nation's Capital. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.  Page 28.
7. ^ Pound, Richard W. (2005). 'Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates'. Fitzhenry and Whiteside. 
8. ^ Fletcher, Katharine (2004). Capital Walks: Walking Tours of Ottawa. Fitzhenry & Whiteside, Markham, Ontario.  Page 73.
9. ^ Pound, Richard W. (2005). 'Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates'. Fitzhenry and Whiteside. 
10. ^ "PWGSC helps relocate an important piece of history to the Canadian War Museum". PWGSC. 2011-02-23. http://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/comm/vedette-features/2011-02-23-00-eng.html. Retrieved 2011-06-28. 
11. ^ "Chrétien unveils plan for Canada History Centre". CBC News Online. 2003-05-23. http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2003/05/23/museum230503.html. Retrieved 2008-07-19. 
12. ^ "Region-wide LRT plan unveiled by task force". CBC News Online. 2007-06-06. http://www.cbc.ca/canada/ottawa/story/2007/06/06/lrt-plan-070606.html. Retrieved 2008-07-19. 

External links

Coordinates: 45°25′28″N 75°41′37″W / 45.424525°N 75.693655°W / 45.424525; -75.693655

• NCC Watch: Ottawa Union Station