Banksia stuposa

Banksia stuposa
Banksia stuposa at Boyagin Rock Nature Reserve, Western Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
Order:	Proteales
Family:	Proteaceae
Genus:	Banksia
Subgenus:	Banksia subg. Banksia
Series:	Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:	B. stuposa
Binomial name
Banksia stuposa (Lindl.) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele

Banksia stuposa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra stuposa (or stupposa) until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.

Description

B. stuposa grows as a shrub up to three metres high, without a lignotuber. It has leathery, bluish leaves, five to 15 centimetres long and seven to 14 millimetres wide, on a petiole five to eight millimetres long. The leaf margin is pinnatifid, with 15 to 30 triangular lobes on each side. Inflorescences are golden yellow and white, and occur either terminally on a branch, or on short lateral branchlets. They are from seven to eight centimetres in diameter, and consist of from 100 to 130 flowers per head.^[1][2]

Taxonomy

Specimens of B. stuposa were first collected in the 1830s by James Drummond from the vicinity of the Swan River Colony, and subsequently published by John Lindley in his 1840 A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. Lindley gave it the name Dryandra stuposa;^[3] no etymology was given, but it is now accepted that it comes from the Latin stupposus ("covered with coarse, matted hairs"), in reference to the silky-woolly hairs on the involucral bracts. Lindley's dropping of a p from the name appears to have been a spelling error on his part, as he dropped the same p from stupposo in the Latin description.^[2] Lindley also did not specify his type material, but most of A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony is based upon the collections of Drummond,^[4] and one of Drummond's specimens has since been selected as lectotype for the species.^{[citation needed]}

A number of early publications took the liberty of correcting Lindley's spelling by referring to the species as D. stupposa. George Bentham did so in his 1870 Flora Australiensis, for example.^[5] So too did Otto Kuntze in 1891, when he made an unsuccessful attempt to transfer Dryandra to the older name Josephia, in the process publishing the name Josephia stupposa (Lindl.) Kuntze.^[6] Dryandra was retained, however, and in modern times the original orthography of the specific name has been restored.

In 1996 and again in 1999, Alex George published a thorough revision of Dryandra. He placed D. stuposa in D. subg. Dryandra, D. formosa (Showy Dryandra) and D. nobilis (Golden Dryandra), with the latter considered this species' closest relative.^[7] This arrangement stood until 2007, when the genus Dryandra was transferred into Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele,^[8] resulting in the publication of the current name for this species, Banksia stuposa (Lindl.) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele.^[9] As an interim measure, Mast and Thiele placed all the Dryandra species in B. ser. Dryandra.^[8]

Distribution and habitat

Distribution of B. stuposa

B. stuposa occurs between York and Broomehill, in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest biogeographic regions of the Southwest Botanic Province. It grows on lateritic soils amongst mallee-kwongan or eucalypt woodland.^[1][3]

Cultivation

Despite having large and attractive yellow flowers, many of which are terminal, this species is not often cultivated. It requires a well drained heavy soil, and prefers full sun, although it will tolerate part shade. It is hardy to drought and frost resistant to -7°C, and responds well to pruning. In cultivation it rarely reaches two metres high, and is short lived. Propagation is by seed; seed takes around six weeks to germinate, with a germination success rate of about 70%.^[2]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Dryandra stuposa Lindl.". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=46472. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} Cavanagh, Tony and Margaret Pieroni (2006). The Dryandras. Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. ISBN 1-876473-54-1. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Dryandra stuposa Lindl.". FloraBase. Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Western Australia. http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/1937. 
4. ^ Lindley, John (1839). "A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony". Appendix to the first twenty-three volumes of Edwards's Botanical Register. London: James Ridgeway. 
5. ^ Bentham, George (1870). "Banksia". Flora Australiensis. 5. London: L. Reeve & Co.. pp. 541–562. 
6. ^ "Josephia stuposa (Lindl.) Kuntze". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?taxon_id=34017. 
7. ^ George, Alex S. (1999). "Dryandra". In Wilson, Annette (ed.). Flora of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 251–363. ISBN 0-643-06454-0. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Mast, Austin R. and Kevin Thiele (2007). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany 20: 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016. 
9. ^ "Banksia stuposa (Lindl.) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?taxon_id=269996. 

Further reading

• George, Alex S. (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra". Nuytsia 10 (2): 313–408. 

External links

• "Dryandra stuposa Lindl.". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=46472. 
• "Dryandra stuposa Lindl.". FloraBase. Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Western Australia. http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/1937. 
• "Banksia stuposa (Lindl.) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?taxon_id=269996.