George's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra

Alex George's taxonomic arrangement of "Dryandra" was the first modern-day arrangement of that taxon. First published in "Nuytsia" in 1996, it superseded the arrangement of George Bentham, which had stood for over a hundred years; it would later form the basis for George's 1999 treatment of "Dryandra" for the "Flora of Australia". In accordance with contemporary thinking, George treated "Dryandra" as a genus, dividing it into three subgenera, the largest of which was divided into 24 series. The arrangement stood until 2007, when "Dryandra" was transferred into "Banksia" as "B." ser. "Dryandra". No alternative has yet been proposed.

Background

The dryandras are a group of 94 species in the plant family Proteaceae. Endemic to south-west Western Australia, they grow in forms varying from prostrate shrubs to small trees. "Dryandra" was originally published at genus rank in 1810, and was still considered a genus in the 1990s when George published his infrageneric classification.

George's arrangement

George's arrangement of "Dryandra" was first published in his 1996 article "New taxa and a new infragenetic classification in "Dryandra" R.Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae)", which was published in "Nuytsia" 10(3).cite journal | author = George, Alex S. | year = 1996 | title = New taxa and a new infragenetic classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) | journal = Nuytsia | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = 313–408] This formed the basis for his 1999 treatment of "Dryandra" for the Flora of Australia series, in which he published one new species.cite encyclopedia | last = George | first = Alex S. | authorlink = Alex George | year = 1999 | title = "Dryandra" | editor = Wilson, Annette (ed.) | encyclopedia = Flora of Australia | volume = 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra | pages = 251–363 | location = Collingwood, Victoria | publisher = CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study | id = ISBN 0-643-06454-0] In 2005, he published a further six new taxa.cite journal | last = George | first = A. S. | authorlink = Alex George | year = 2005 | title = Further new taxa in "Dryandra" R.Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) | journal = Nuytsia | volume = 15 | number = 3 | pages = 337–346 | url = http://www.naturebase.net/images/stories/nature/science/nuytsia/15/3/337-346.pdf]

George's arrangement remained current until Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred "Dryandra" into "Banksia" in 2007. Mast and Thiele were not then ready to tender a new arrangement, so as an interim measure they transferred "Dryandra" into "Banksia" at series, thus minimising the nomenclatural disruption of the transfer. Thus George's taxonomic arrangement of "Dryandra" was set aside.cite journal | author = Mast, Austin R. and Kevin Thiele | year = 2007 | title = The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 20 | pages = 63–71 | doi = 10.1071/SB06016] In effecting the transfer, Mast and Thiele overlooked the six taxa published by George in 2005; these taxa thus retain their original, and now invalid, names.

George's 1999 taxonomic arrangement of "Dryandra", with 2005 amendments, is as follows::Genus "Dryandra" (now "Banksia" ser. "Dryandra")::Subgenus "Dryandra":::Series "Floribundae"::::"D. sessilis" (now "B. sessilis"):::::"D. sessilis" var. "sessilis" (now "B. sessilis" var. "sessilis"):::::"D. sessilis" var. "flabellifolia" (now "B. sessilis" var. "flabellifolia"):::::"D. sessilis" var. "cordata" (now "B. sessilis" var. "cordata"):::::"D. sessilis" var. "cygnorum" (now "B. sessilis" var. "cygnorum"):::Series "Armatae"::::"D. cuneata" (now "B. obovata")::::"D. fuscobractea" (now "B. fuscobractea")::::"D. armata" (now "B. armata"):::::"D. armata" var. "armata" (now "B. armata" var. "armata"):::::"D. armata" var. "ignicida" (now "B. armata" var. "ignicida")::::"D. prionotes" (now B. prionophylla"::::"D. arborea" (now "B. arborea") ::::"D. hirsuta" (now "B. hirta")::::"D. pallida" (now "B. pallida")::::"D. purdieana" (now "B. purdieana")::::"D. xylothemelia" (now "B. xylothemelia")::::"D. cirsioides" (now "B. cirsioides")::::"D. acanthopoda" (now "B. acanthopoda")::::"D. squarrosa" (now "B. squarrosa"):::::"D. squarrosa" subsp. "squarrosa" (now "B. squarrosa" subsp. "squarrosa"):::::"D. squarrosa" subsp. "argillacea" (now "B. squarrosa" subsp. "argillacea")::::"D. hewardiana" (now "B. hewardiana")::::"D. wonganensis" (now "B. wonganensis")::::"D. trifontinalis" (now "B. trifontinalis")::::"D. stricta" (now "B. strictifolia")::::"D. echinata" (now "B. echinata")::::"D. polycephala" (now "B. polycephala")::::"D. subpinnatifida" (now "B. subpinnatifida"):::::"D. subpinnatifida" var. "subpinnatifida" (now "B. subpinnatifida" var. "subpinnatifida"):::::"D. subpinnatifida" var. "imberbis" (now "B. subpinnatifida" var. "imberbis")::::"D. longifolia" (now "B. prolata"):::::"D. longifolia" subsp. "longifolia" (now "B. prolata" subsp. "prolata"):::::"D. longifolia" subsp. "calcicola" (now "B. prolata" subsp. "calcicola"):::::"D. longifolia" subsp. "archeos" (now "B. prolata" subsp. "archeos")::::"D. borealis" (now "B. borealis"):::::"D. borealis" subsp. "borealis" (now "B. borealis" subsp. "borealis"):::::"D. borealis" subsp. "elatior" (now "B. borealis" subsp. "elatior"):::Series "Marginatae"::::"D. pulchella" (now "B. bella"):::Series "Folliculosae"::::"D. fraseri" (now "B. fraseri"):::::"D. fraseri" var. "fraseri" (now "B. fraseri" var. "fraseri"):::::"D. fraseri" var. "crebra" (now "B. fraseri" var. "crebra"):::::"D. fraseri" var. "effusa" (now "B. fraseri" var. "effusa"):::::"D. fraseri" var. "ashbyi" (now "B. fraseri" var. "ashbyi"):::::"D. fraseri" var. "oxycedra" (now "B. fraseri" var. "oxycedra"):::Series "Acrodontae"::::"D. sclerophylla" (now "B. sclerophylla")::::"D. kippistiana" (now "B. kippistiana"):::::"D. kippistiana" var. "kippistiana" (now "B. kippistiana" var. "kippistiana"):::::"D. kippistiana" var. "paenepeccata" (now "B. kippistiana" var. "paenepeccata")::::"D. carlinoides" (now "B. carlinoides")::::"D. tridentata" (now "B. tridentata"):::Series "Capitellatae"::::"D. serratuloides" (now "B. serratuloides"):::::"D. serratuloides" subsp. "serratuloides" (now "B. serratuloides" subsp. "serratuloides"):::::"D. serratuloides" subsp. "perissa" (now "B. serratuloides" subsp. "perissa")::::"D. meganotia" (now "B. meganotia"):::Series "Ilicinae"::::"D. praemorsa" (now "B. undata"):::::"D. praemorsa" var. "praemorsa" (now "B. undata" var. "undata"):::::"D. praemorsa" var. "splendens" (now "B. undata" var. "splendens")::::"D. quercifolia" (now "B. heliantha")::::"D. anatona" (now "B. anatona"):::Series "Dryandra"::::"D. formosa" (now "B. formosa")::::"D. nobilis" (now "B. nobilis"):::::"D. nobilis" subsp. "nobilis" (now "B. nobilis" subsp. "nobilis"):::::"D. nobilis" subsp. "fragrans" (now "B. nobilis" subsp. "fragrans")::::"D. stuposa" (now "B. stuposa"):::Series "Foliosae"::::"D. mucronulata" (now "B. mucronulata"):::::"D. mucronulata" subsp. "mucronulata" (now "B. mucronulata" subsp. "mucronulata"):::::"D. mucronulata" subsp. "retrorsa" (now "B. mucronulata" subsp. "retrorsa")::::"D. baxteri" (now "B. biterax")::::"D. foliosissima" (now "B. foliosissima"):::Series "Decurrentes"::::"D. comosa" (now "B. comosa"):::Series "Tenuifoliae"::::"D. tenuifolia" (now "B. tenuis"):::::"D. tenuifolia" var. "tenuifolia" (now "B. tenuis" var. "tenuis"):::::"D. tenuifolia" var. "reptans" (now "B. tenuis" var. "reptans")::::"D. obtusa" (now "B. obtusa"):::Series "Runcinatae"::::"D. ferruginea" (now "B. rufa"):::::"D. ferruginea" subsp. "magma" (now "B. rufa" subsp. "magma"):::::"D. ferruginea" subsp. "tutanningensis" (now "B. rufa" subsp. "tutanningensis"):::::"D. ferruginea" subsp. "ferruginea" (now "B. rufa" subsp. "rufa"):::::"D. ferruginea" subsp. "pumila" (now "B. rufa" subsp. "pumila"):::::"D. ferruginea" subsp. "obliquiloba" (now "B. rufa" subsp. "obliquiloba"):::::"D. ferruginea" subsp. "chelomacarpa" (now "B. rufa" subsp. "chelomacarpa"):::::"D. ferruginea" subsp. "flavescens" (now "B. rufa" subsp. "flavescens")::::"D. corvijuga" (now "B. corvijuga")::::"D. epimicta" (now "B. epimicta")::::"D. proteoides" (now "B. proteoides"):::Series "Triangulares"::::"D. drummondii" (now "B. drummondii"):::::"D. drummondii" subsp. "drummondii" (now "B. drummondii" subsp. "drummondii"):::::"D. drummondii" subsp. "hiemalis" (now "B. drummondii" subsp. "hiemalis"):::::"D. drummondii" subsp. "macrorufa" (now "B. drummondii" subsp. "macrorufa")::::"D. octotriginta" (now "B. octotriginta")::::"D. catoglypta" (now "B. catoglypta"):::Series "Aphragma"::::"D. pteridifolia" (now "B. pteridifolia"):::::"D. pteridifolia" subsp. "inretita" (now "B. pteridifolia" subsp. "inretita"):::::"D. pteridifolia" subsp. "pteridifolia" (now "B. pteridifolia" subsp. "pteridifolia"):::::"D. pteridifolia" subsp. "vernalis" (now "B. pteridifolia" subsp. "vernalis")::::"D. fililoba" (now "B. fililoba")::::"D. shanklandiorum" (now "B. shanklandiorum")::::"D. nervosa" (now "B. alliacea")::::"D. blechnifolia" (now "B. pellaeifolia")::::"D. porrecta" (now "B. porrecta")::::"D. aurantia" (now "B. aurantia")::::"D. calophylla" (now "B. calophylla")::::"D. lepidorhiza" (now "B. lepidorhiza"):::Series "Ionthocarpae"::::"D. ionthocarpa" (now "B. ionthocarpa"):::::"D. ionthocarpa" subsp. "ionthocarpa" (now "B. ionthocarpa" subsp. "ionthocarpa"):::::"D. ionthocarpa" subsp. "chrysophoenix" (now "B. ionthocarpa" subsp. "chrysophoenix"):::Series "Inusitatae"::::"D. idiogenes" (now "B. idiogenes"):::Series "Subulatae"::::"D. subulata" (now "B. subulata"):::Series "Gymnocephalae"::::"D. cynaroides" (now "B. cynaroides")::::"D. erythrocephala" (now "B. erythrocephala"):::::"D. erythrocephala" var. "erythrocephala" (now "B. erythrocephala" var. "erythrocephala"):::::"D. erythrocephala" var. "inopinata" (now "B. erythrocephala" var. "inopinata")::::"D. horrida" (now "B. horrida")::::"D. vestita" (now "B. vestita")::::"D. viscida" (now "B. viscida")::::"D. mimica" (now "B. mimica")::::"D. speciosa" (now "B. splendida"):::::"D. speciosa" subsp. "speciosa" (now "B. speciosa" subsp. "splendida"):::::"D. speciosa" subsp. "macrocarpa" (now "B. speciosa" subsp. "macrocarpa")::::"D. shuttleworthiana" (now "B. shuttleworthiana"):::Series "Plumosae"::::"D. plumosa" (now "B. plumosa"):::::"D. plumosa" subsp. "plumosa" (now "B. plumosa" subsp. "plumosa"):::::"D. plumosa" subsp. "denticulata" (now "B. plumosa" subsp. "denticulata")::::"D. pseudoplumosa" (now "B. pseudoplumosa")::::"D. montana" (now "B. montana"):::Series "Concinnae"::::"D. concinna" (now "B. concinna")::::"D. serra" (now "B. serra")::::"D. foliolata" (now "B. foliolata"):::Series "Obvallatae"::::"D. fasciculata" (now "B. fasciculata")::::"D. conferta" (now "B. densa"):::::"D. conferta" var. "conferta" (now "B. densa" var. "densa"):::::"D. conferta" var. "parva" (now "B. densa" var. "parva")::::"D. columnaris" (now "B. columnaris")::::"D. platycarpa" (now "B. platycarpa")::::"D. seneciifolia" (now "B. seneciifolia")::::"D. rufistylis" (now "B. rufistylis")::::"D. insulanemorecincta" (now "B. insulanemorecincta"):::Series "Pectinatae"::::"D. nana" (now "B. nana"):::Series "Acuminatae"::::"D. preissii" (now "B. acuminata"):::Series "Niveae"::::"D. arctotidis" (now "B. arctotidis")::::"D. tortifolia" (now "B. tortifolia")::::"D. stenoprion" (now "B. stenoprion")::::"D. cypholoba" (now "B. cypholoba")::::"D. lindleyana" (now "B. dallanneyi"):::::"D. lindleyana" subsp. "lindleyana" (now "B. dallanneyi" subsp. "dallanneyi"):::::"D. lindleyana" subsp. "pollosta" (now "B. dallanneyi" subsp. "pollosta"):::::"D. lindleyana" subsp. "media" (now "B. dallanneyi" subsp. "media"):::::"D. lindleyana" subsp. "agricola" (now "B. dallanneyi" subsp. "agricola"):::::"D. lindleyana" subsp. "sylvestris" (now "B. dallanneyi" subsp. "sylvestris")::::"D. brownii" (now "B. brunnea")::::"D. nivea" (now "B. nivea"):::::"D. nivea" subsp. "nivea" (now "B. nivea" subsp. "nivea"):::::"D. nivea" subsp. "uliginosa" (now "B. nivea" subsp. "uliginosa")::Subgenus "Hemiclidia"::::"D. falcata" (now "B. falcata")::::"D. glauca" (now "B. glaucifolia")::Subgenus "Diplophragma"::::"D. bipinnatifida" (now "B. bipinnatifida")

References

ee also

* Brown's taxonomic arrangement of "Dryandra"
* Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of "Dryandra"
* Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of "Dryandra"

External links

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