31st United States Congress - political parties

The Thirty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1849 to March 3 1851, during the administration of U.S. President Zachary Taylor and the first months of the administration of his successor, U.S. President Millard Fillmore.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

This article supplements the main article with a list of the members by political party.

:"Main article: 31st United States Congress":"See also: 31st United States Congress - State Delegations":"See also: United States House elections, 1848"

The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.

Dates of sessions

March 4 1849 - March 3 1851
*Special session of the Senate: March 5 1849 - March 23 1849
*First session: December 3 1849 - September 30 1850
*Second session: December 2 1850 - March 3 1851 — a lame duck sessionPrevious congress: "30th Congress"
Next congress: "32nd Congress"

Party summary

enate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.

=Democratic=

:A-F
* David R. Atchison (1807-1886), "Missouri"
* Robert W. Barnwell (1801-1882), "South Carolina" …appointed to fill vacancy, June 4 1850.
* Thomas H. Benton (1782-1858), "Missouri"
* Solon Borland (1808-1864), "Arkansas"
* James W. Bradbury (1802-1901), "Maine"
* Jesse D. Bright (1812-1875), "Indiana"
* Andrew P. Butler (1796-1857), "South Carolina"
* John C. Calhoun (1782-1850), "South Carolina" …died March 31 1850.
* Lewis Cass (1782-1866), "Michigan"
* Jeremiah Clemens (1814-1865), "Alabama" …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, November 30 1849.
* Jefferson Davis (1808-1889), "Mississippi"
* Daniel S. Dickinson (1800-1866), "New York"
* Augustus C. Dodge (1812-1883), "Iowa"
* Henry Dodge (1782-1867), "Wisconsin"
* Stephen A. Douglas (1813-1861), "Illinois"
* Solomon W. Downs (1801-1854), "Louisiana"
* Franklin H. Elmore (1799-1850), "South Carolina" …appointed to fill vacancy, April 11 1850, died May 29 1850.
* Alpheus Felch (1804-1896), "Michigan"
* Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1802-1869), "Alabama"
* Henry S. Foote (1804-1880), "Mississippi"
* John C. Frémont (1813-1890), "California" …newly admitted state, elected September 9 1850.:G-L
* William M. Gwin (1805-1885), "California" …newly admitted state, elected September 9 1850.
* Hannibal Hamlin (1809-1891), "Maine"
* Samuel Houston (1793-1863), "Texas"
* Robert M. T. Hunter (1809-1887), "Virginia"
* George W. Jones (1804-1896), "Iowa"
* William R. D. King (1786-1853), "Alabama"
* David Levy Yulee (1810-1886), "Florida" :M-R
* James M. Mason (1798-1871), "Virginia"
* Moses Norris, Jr. (1799-1855), "New Hampshire"
* Robert J. Rantoul, Jr. (1805-1852), "Massachusetts" …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 1 1851.
* R. Barnwell Rhett (1800-1876), "South Carolina" …elected to fill vacancy, December 18 1850.
* Thomas J. Rusk (1803-1857), "Texas" :S-Z
* William K. Sebastian (1812-1865), "Arkansas"
* James Shields (1806/1810-1879), "Illinois" …seat declared vacant March 15 1849, subsequently elected to fill vacancy October 27 1849.
* Pierre Soulé (1801-1870), "Louisiana"
* Daniel Sturgeon (1789-1878), "Pennsylvania"
* Hopkins L. Turney (1797-1857), "Tennessee"
* Isaac P. Walker (1815-1872), "Wisconsin"
* James Whitcomb (1795-1852), "Indiana"
* David Levy Yulee (1810-1886), "Florida"

=Whig=

:A-F
* George E. Badger (1795-1866), "North Carolina"
* Roger S. Baldwin (1793-1863), "Connecticut"
* John Bell (1797-1869), "Tennessee"
* John Mcpherson Berrien (1781-1856), "Georgia"
* John H. Clarke (1789-1870), "Rhode Island"
* Henry Clay (1777-1852), "Kentucky"
* James Cooper (1810-1863), "Pennsylvania"
* Thomas Corwin (1794-1865), "Ohio" …resigned July 20 1850.
* John Davis (1787-1854), "Massachusetts"
* John Davis (1787-1854), "Massachusetts"
* William C. Dawson (1798-1856), "Georgia"
* William L. Dayton (1807-1864), "New Jersey"
* Thomas Ewing (1789-1871), "Ohio" …appointed to fill vacancy, July 20 1850.:G-L
* Albert C. Greene (1792-1863), "Rhode Island"
* Reverdy Johnson (1796-1876), "Maryland" …resigned March 7 1849.:M-R
* Willie P. Mangum (1792-1861), "North Carolina"
* Jacob W. Miller (1800-1862), "New Jersey"
* Jackson Morton (1794-1874), "Florida"
* James A. Pearce (1805-1862), "Maryland"
* Samuel S. Phelps (1793-1855), "Vermont"
* Thomas G. Pratt (1804-1869), "Maryland" …elected to fill vacancy, January 12 1850.:S-Z
* William H. Seward (1801-1872), "New York"
* Truman Smith (1791-1884), "Connecticut"
* Presley Spruance (1785-1863), "Delaware"
* David Stewart (1800-1858), "Maryland" …appointed to fill vacancy, December 6 1849.
* Joseph R. Underwood (1791-1876), "Kentucky"
* William Upham (1792-1853), "Vermont"
* John Wales (1783-1863), "Delaware"
* Daniel Webster (1782-1852), "Massachusetts" …resigned July 22 1850.
* Robert C. Winthrop (1809-1894), "Massachusetts" …appointed to fill vacancy, July 30 1850.

=Free Soil=

* Salmon P. Chase (1808-1873), "Ohio"
* John P. Hale (1806-1873), "New Hampshire"

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.

=Democratic=

:A-B-C
* Nathaniel Albertson (1800-1863), "Indiana"
* William S. Ashe (1814-1862), "North Carolina"
* Thomas H. Averett (1800-1855), "Virginia"
* William V. Bay (1818-1894), "Missouri"
* Thomas H. Bayly (1810-1856), "Virginia"
* James M. H. Beale (1786-1866), "Virginia"
* Kinsley S. Bingham (1808-1861), "Michigan"
* William H. Bissell (1811-1860), "Illinois"
* Thomas S. Bocock (1815-1891), "Virginia"
* Franklin W. Bowdon (1817-1857), "Alabama"
* James B. Bowlin (1804-1874), "Missouri"
* Linn Boyd (1800-1859), "Kentucky"
* John Brisbin (1818-1880), "Pennsylvania" …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 13 1851.
* Albert G. Brown (1813-1880), "Mississippi"
* William J. Brown (1805-1857), "Indiana"
* Alexander W. Buel (1813-1868), "Michigan"
* Armistead Burt (1802-1883), "South Carolina"
* Joseph Cable (1801-1880), "Ohio"
* George A. Caldwell (1814-1866), "Kentucky"
* David K. Cartter (1812-1887), "Ohio"
* Chauncey F. Cleveland (1799-1887), "Connecticut"
* Howell Cobb (1815-1868), "Georgia"
* Williamson R. W. Cobb (1807-1864), "Alabama"
* William F. Colcock (1804-1889), "South Carolina" :D-E-F
* John R. J. Daniel (1802-1868), "North Carolina"
* Joel B. Danner (1804-1885), "Pennsylvania" …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2 1850.
* Rodolphus Dickinson (1797-1849), "Ohio" …died March 20 1849.
* Milo M. Dimmick (1811-1872), "Pennsylvania"
* David T. Disney (1803-1857), "Ohio"
* James D. Doty (1799-1865), "Wisconsin"
* Cyrus L. Dunham (1817-1877), "Indiana"
* Henry A. Edmundson (1814-1890), "Virginia"
* Andrew Ewing (1813-1864), "Tennessee"
* Winfield S. Featherston (1820-1891), "Mississippi"
* Graham N. Fitch (1809-1892), "Indiana"
* Thomas J. D. Fuller (1808-1876), "Maine" :G-H-I
* Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886), "Maine"
* Edward Gilbert (1819c-1852), "California" …newly admitted state, seated September 11 1850.
* Alfred Gilmore (1812-1890), "Pennsylvania"
* Willis A. Gorman (1816-1876), "Indiana"
* James S. Green (1817-1870), "Missouri"
* Thomas C. Hackett ( -1851), "Georgia"
* Willard P. Hall (1820-1882), "Missouri"
* William T. Hamilton (1820-1888), "Maryland"
* Edward Hammond (1812-1882), "Maryland"
* Hugh A. Haralson (1805-1854), "Georgia"
* Andrew J. Harlan (1815-1907), "Indiana"
* John H. Harmanson (1803-1850), "Louisiana" …died October 25 1850.
* Isham G. Harris (1818-1897), "Tennessee"
* Sampson W. Harris (1809-1857), "Alabama"
* Thomas L. Harris (1816-1858), "Illinois"
* Harry Hibbard (1816-1872), "New Hampshire"
* Moses Hoagland (1812-1865), "Ohio"
* Alexander R. Holladay (1811-1877), "Virginia"
* Isaac E. Holmes (1796-1867), "South Carolina"
* Volney E. Howard (1809-1889), "Texas"
* David Hubbard (1792-1874), "Alabama"
* Samuel W. Inge (1817-1868), "Alabama" :J-K-L
* Joseph W. Jackson (1796-1854), "Georgia" …elected to fill vacancy, March 4 1850.
* Andrew Johnson (1808-1875), "Tennessee"
* Robert W. Johnson (1814-1879), "Arkansas"
* George W. Jones (1806-1884), "Tennessee"
* David S. Kaufman (1813-1851), "Texas" …died January 31 1851.
* Emile La Sére (1802-1882), "Louisiana"
* Shepherd Leffler (1811-1879), "Iowa"
* Nathaniel S. Littlefield (1804-1882), "Maine" :M-N-O
* Job Mann (1795-1873), "Pennsylvania"
* John C. Mason (1802-1865), "Kentucky"
* John A. McClernand (1812-1900), "Illinois"
* Joseph E. McDonald (1819-1891), "Indiana"
* James McDowell (1795-1851), "Virginia"
* James X. McLanahan (1809-1861), "Pennsylvania"
* Robert M. McLane (1815-1898), "Maryland"
* LaFayette McMullen (1805-1880), "Virginia"
* John McQueen (1804-1867), "South Carolina" …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress.
* William McWillie (1795-1869), "Mississippi"
* Richard K. Meade (1803-1862), "Virginia"
* John K. Miller (1819-1863), "Ohio"
* John S. Millson (1808-1874), "Virginia"
* Jonathan D. Morris (1804-1875), "Ohio"
* George W. Morrison (1809-1888), "New Hampshire" …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2 1850.
* Isaac E. Morse (1809-1866), "Louisiana"
* Alexander Newman (1804-1849), "Virginia" …died September 8 1849.
* Edson B. Olds (1802-1869), "Ohio"
* James L. Orr (1822-1873), "South Carolina" :P-Q-R
* Richard Parker (1810-1893), "Virginia"
* Charles H. Peaslee (1804-1866), "New Hampshire"
* Lucius B. Peck (1802-1866), "Vermont"
* Alexander G. Penn (1799-1866), "Louisiana" …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 30 1850.
* John S. Phelps (1814-1886), "Missouri"
* Emery D. Potter (1804-1896), "Ohio"
* Paulus Powell (1809-1874), "Virginia"
* William A. Richardson (1811-1875), "Illinois"
* John Robbins, Jr. (1808-1880), "Pennsylvania"
* John L. Robinson (1813-1860), "Indiana"
* Thomas Ross (1806-1865), "Pennsylvania" :S-T-U-V
* John H. Savage (1815-1904), "Tennessee"
* Cullen Sawtelle (1805-1887), "Maine"
* James A. Seddon (1815-1880), "Virginia"
* Alexander D. Sims (1803-1848), "South Carolina" …died November 16 1848.
* Frederick P. Stanton (1814-1894), "Tennessee"
* Richard H. Stanton (1812-1891), "Kentucky"
* Charles Stetson (1801-1863), "Maine"
* William Strong (1808-1895), "Pennsylvania"
* Charles Sweetser (1808-1864), "Ohio"
* James H. Thomas (1808-1876), "Tennessee"
* Jacob Thompson (1810-1885), "Mississippi"
* James Thompson (1806-1874), "Pennsylvania"
* William Thompson (1813-1897), "Iowa" …contested election, served until June 29 1850.
* Abraham W. Venable (1799-1876), "North Carolina" :W-X-Y-Z
* Hiram Walden (1800-1880), "New York"
* Loren P. Waldo (1802-1881), "Connecticut"
* Daniel Wallace (1801-1859), "South Carolina"
* Marshall J. Wellborn (1808-1874), "Georgia"
* John Wentworth (1815-1888), "Illinois"
* William A. Whittlesey (1796-1866), "Ohio"
* Isaac Wildrick (1803-1892), "New Jersey"
* David Wilmot (1814-1868), "Pennsylvania"
* Amos E. Wood (1810-1850), "Ohio" …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3 1849, died November 19 1850.
* Joseph A. Woodward (1806-1885), "South Carolina"
* Timothy R. Young (1811-1898), "Illinois"

=Whig=

:A-B-C
* Henry P. Alexander (1801-1867), "New York"
* William J. Alston (1800-1876), "Alabama"
* Josiah M. Anderson (1807-1861), "Tennessee"
* George R. Andrews (1808-1873), "New York"
* George Ashmun (1804-1870), "Massachusetts"
* Edward D. Baker (1811-1861), "Illinois"
* John Bell (1796-1869), "Ohio" …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 7 1851.
* Henry Bennett (1808-1868), "New York"
* David A. Bokee (1805-1860), "New York"
* Richard J. Bowie (1807-1881), "Maryland"
* Daniel Breck (1788-1871), "Kentucky"
* George Briggs (1805-1869), "New York"
* James Brooks (1810-1873), "New York"
* Henry A. Bullard (1788-1851), "Louisiana" …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5 1850.
* Lorenzo Burrows (1805-1885), "New York"
* Chester P. Butler (1798-1850), "Pennsylvania" …died October 5 1850.
* Thomas B. Butler (1806-1873), "Connecticut"
* Edward C. Cabell (1816-1896), "Florida"
* Joseph P. Caldwell (1808-1853), "North Carolina"
* Samuel Calvin (1811-1890), "Pennsylvania"
* Lewis D. Campbell (1811-1882), "Ohio"
* Joseph Casey (1814-1879), "Pennsylvania"
* Joseph R. Chandler (1792-1880), "Pennsylvania"
* Charles E. Clarke (1790-1863), "New York"
* Thomas L. Clingman (1812-1897), "North Carolina"
* Orsamus Cole (1819-1903), "Wisconsin"
* Harmon S. Conger (1816-1882), "New York"
* Charles M. Conrad (1804-1878), "Louisiana" …resigned August 17 1850.
* Moses B. Corwin (1790-1872), "Ohio"
* John Crowell (1801-1883), "Ohio" :D-E-F
* Edmund Deberry (1787-1859), "North Carolina"
* Jesse C. Dickey (1808-1890), "Pennsylvania"
* Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (1812-1881), "Rhode Island"
* William Duer (1805-1879), "New York"
* James H. Duncan (1793-1869), "Massachusetts"
* Samuel A. Eliot (1798-1862), "Massachusetts" …elected to fill vacancy, seated August 22 1850.
* Alexander Evans (1818-1888), "Maryland"
* Nathan Evans (1804-1879), "Ohio"
* Orin Fowler (1791-1852), "Massachusetts"
* John Freedley (1793-1851), "Pennsylvania" :G-H-I
* Meredith P. Gentry (1809-1866), "Tennessee"
* Rufus K. Goodenow (1790-1863), "Maine"
* Daniel Gott (1794-1864), "New York"
* Herman D. Gould (1799-1852), "New York"
* Joseph Grinnell (1788-1885), "Massachusetts"
* Ransom Halloway (1793c-1851), "New York"
* Moses Hampton (1803-1878), "Pennsylvania"
* Andrew K. Hay (1809-1881), "New Jersey"
* Thomas S. Haymond (1794-1869), "Virginia" …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3 1849.
* William Hebard (1800-1875), "Vermont"
* William Henry (1788-1861), "Vermont"
* Henry W. Hilliard (1808-1892), "Alabama"
* John W. Houston (1814-1896), "Delaware"
* William F. Hunter (1808-1874), "Ohio" :J-K-L
* William T. Jackson (1794-1882), "New York"
* James L. Johnson (1818-1877), "Kentucky"
* John B. Kerr (1809-1878), "Maryland"
* Daniel P. King (1801-1850), "Massachusetts" …died July 25 1850.
* George G. King (1807-1870), "Rhode Island"
* James G. King (1791-1853), "New Jersey"
* John A. King (1788-1867), "New York"
* Thomas B. King (1800-1864), "Georgia" …resigned in 1850.:M-N-O
* Horace Mann (1796-1859), "Massachusetts"
* George P. Marsh (1801-1882), "Vermont" …resigned in 1849.
* Humphrey Marshall (1812-1872), "Kentucky"
* Orsamus B. Matteson (1805-1889), "New York"
* Edward W. McGaughey (1817-1852), "Indiana"
* Thomas McKissock (1790-1866), "New York"
* Finis E. McLean (1806-1881), "Kentucky"
* James Meacham (1810-1856), "Vermont" …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3 1849.
* Daniel F. Miller (1814-1895), "Iowa" …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 20 1850.
* Henry D. Moore (1817-1887), "Pennsylvania"
* Charles S. Morehead (1802-1868), "Kentucky"
* Jeremiah Morton (1799-1878), "Virginia"
* William Nelson (1784-1869), "New York"
* Henry Nes (1799-1850), "Pennsylvania" …died September 10 1850.
* William A. Newell (1817-1901), "New Jersey"
* Andrew J. Ogle (1822-1852), "Pennsylvania"
* John Otis (1801-1856), "Maine"
* David Outlaw (1806-1868), "North Carolina"
* Allen F. Owen (1816-1865), "Georgia" :P-Q-R
* J. Phillips Phoenix (1788-1859), "New York"
* Charles W. Pitman ( -1871), "Pennsylvania"
* Harvey Putnam (1793-1855), "New York"
* Robert R. Reed (1807-1864), "Pennsylvania"
* Gideon Reynolds (1813-1896), "New York"
* Elijah Risley (1787-1870), "New York"
* Julius Rockwell (1805-1888), "Massachusetts"
* Robert L. Rose (1804-1877), "New York"
* David Rumsey, Jr. (1810-1883), "New York" :S-T-U-V
* William A. Sackett (1811-1895), "New York"
* Robert C. Schenck (1809-1890), "Ohio"
* Abraham M. Schermerhorn (1791-1855), "New York"
* John L. Schoolcraft (1804-1860), "New York"
* Augustine H. Shepperd (1792-1864), "North Carolina"
* Peter H. Silvester (1807-1882), "New York"
* Elbridge G. Spaulding (1809-1897), "New York"
* William Sprague (1809-1868), "Michigan"
* Edward Stanly (1810-1872), "North Carolina"
* Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883), "Georgia"
* Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868), "Pennsylvania"
* John L. Taylor (1805-1870), "Ohio"
* John B. Thompson (1810-1874), "Kentucky"
* John R. Thurman (1814-1854), "New York"
* Robert A. Toombs (1810-1885), "Georgia"
* Walter Underhill (1795-1866), "New York"
* John Van Dyke (1807-1878), "New Jersey"
* Samuel F. Vinton (1792-1862), "Ohio" :W-X-Y-Z
* Albert G. Watkins (1818-1895), "Tennessee"
* Hugh White (1798-1870), "New York"
* Christopher H. Williams (1798-1857), "Tennessee"
* James Wilson (1797-1881), "New Hampshire" …resigned September 9 1850.

=Free Soil=

:A-Z
* Charles Allen (1797-1869), "Massachusetts"
* Walter Booth (1791-1870), "Connecticut"
* Charles Durkee (1805-1870), "Wisconsin"
* Joshua R. Giddings (1795-1864), "Ohio"
* John W. Howe (1801-1873), "Pennsylvania"
* George W. Julian (1817-1899), "Indiana"
* Preston King (1806-1865), "New York"
* Joseph M. Root (1807-1879), "Ohio"
* Amos Tuck (1810-1879), "New Hampshire"

=American=

* Lewis C. Levin (1808-1860), "Pennsylvania"

Independent

* George W. Wright (1816-1885), "California" …newly admitted state, seated September 11 1850.

References

*cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =
*cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =

External links

* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsllink.html Statutes at Large, 1789-1875]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsjlink.html Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhjlink.html#anchor2 House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
* [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress]
* [http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: House History]
* [http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists]