Bărăgan deportations

The Bărăgan deportations were a large-scale action of penal transportation, undertaken during the 1950s by the Romanian Communist regime. Their aim was to forcibly relocate individuals who lived within approximately 25 km of the Yugoslav border (in present-day Timiş, Caraş-Severin, and Mehedinţi counties) to the Bărăgan Plain.

Reasons

After relations deteriorated between Romania and Yugoslavia, which was excluded from the Cominform in 1948, the border between the two states became a sensitive area for the Communist government in Bucharest ("see Informbiro period"). The ethnic minorities present there, especially in the Banat, were considered "elements with a heightened risk factor". Following the Soviet model of the Gulag, on March 15 1951 the Ministry of Interior of the Romanian People's Republic issued the following decree:

The Ministry of Interior will be able, through a decision, to order the removal from population centres of any persons whose presence in those centres is unjustified, as well as the removal of those from any locality who, through their actions before the working people, endanger the construction of socialism in the Romanian People's Republic. For those in question obligatory residences can be set up in any locality.

The decree created favourable conditions for the implementation of the previously-planned deportations. This was to be the second mass deportation following the overthrow of Ion Antonescu, after the January 1945 deportation of over 70,000 individuals, especially ethnic Germans, to the Soviet Union (during the closing stages of World War II). In contrast to the first deportation, this time the destination was the Bărăgan Plain, an underdeveloped, sparsely populated area. In a sense, the operation also served as a means of colonizing the region.

The plans involved, as was later discovered in a document written in Timişoara in 1956, the "purification of the Banat": the ethnic cleansing of Germans, Serbs and Aromanians. Additionally, the plans involved the expulsion of members of several social categories considered dangerous by the Romanian Communist Party. Among the targets were farmers with large holdings (known as "chiaburi", and roughly equivalent to the Soviet "kulaks"), wealthy landowners, industrialists, innkeepers and restaurant owners, Bessarabian and Macedonian refugees, former members of the Wehrmacht, foreign citizens, relatives of the refugees, Titoist sympathizers, wartime collaborators of Nazi Germany ("see Romania during World War II"), Romanian Army employees, fired civil servants, relatives of counter-revolutionaries and all who had supported them, political and civic rights activists, former businessmen with Western ties, and leaders of the ethnic German community.

Events

During the night of June 18 1951, the third-largest mass deportation in modern Romanian history took place, surpassed only by the World War II deportation of Jews to Transnistria (considered collectively, and ended with massive extermination), and the January 1945 deportation of ethnic Germans from Romania. Some 45,000 people were taken from their homes and deported to the Bărăgan. These included Romanians, Germans (mostly Banat Swabians), Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanian and some Ukrainian refugees from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, and Aromanians.

The deportees were taken under military guard and left to build houses of mud or adobe on their own in eighteen localities. In 1956, a change in government policy meant that the majority of deportees returned home, but some stayed permanently in the Bărăgan.

References

*Elena Spijavca, "Munci şi zile în Bărăgan" ("Works and Days on the Bărăgan"), 2004 , Editura Fundaţia Academică Civică, ISBN 9738214238
*Rafael Mirciov, "Lagărul deportării - Pagini din lagărul Bărăganului" ("The Deportations Camps - Pages from the Bărăgan Camp")
*Silvestru Ştevin, "Desculţ prin propriul destin" ("Barefoot through My Own Destiny") , Editura Mirton, Timişoara, 2002
*Silviu Sarafolean, "Deportaţii în Bărăgan 1951-1956" ("The Bărăgan Deportations, 1951-1956")
*Viorel Marineasa, Daniel Vighi, "Rusalii ’51 - fragmente din deportarea în Bărăgan" ("Pentecost '51 - Fragments from the Bărăgan Deportations")
*Viorel Marineasa, Daniel Vighi, Valentin Sămînţă, "Deportarea în Bărăgan - Destine, documente, reportaje" ("The Bărăgan Deportations - Destinies, Documents, Reportages")

External links

* [http://www.depbaragan.go.ro/ Association of Former Bărăgan Deportees - Timişoara]
* [http://www.memorialsighet.ro/en/sala.asp?id=22 Deportations to Bărăgan] , Sighet Memorial of the Victims of Communism
* [http://www.ziua.ro/display.php?id=201579&data=2006-06-14& Archive - Bărăgan Deportees] , "Ziua"
* [http://www.revista22.ro/html/index.php?art=2833&nr=2006-06-23 "22", Smaranda Vultur - From the History of a Memory, Bărăgan 1951-1956]
* [http://www.agenda.ro/2005/26-05-senz1.htm Agenda - Timişoara, nr. 26/25, June 2005]
* [http://www.expres.ro/articleprint.php?artid=251250 The "Purification" of the Banat] , "Evenimentul Zilei"
* [http://destinatii.liternet.ro/images/sighet/harta_gulag.pdf Map of the Romanian Gulag (pdf)]
* [http://www.dvhh.org/banat/baragan/index.htm Donauschwaben Villages Helping Hands - Deportation to the Baragan]
* [http://www.uihei.com/DeportedToTheBaragan1951-1956.htm] , [http://www.uihei.com/BaraganDeportation.htm] Walther Konschitzky, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf, "Deported to the Bărăgan 1951–1956", Haus des Deutschen Ostens, Munchen, 2001