Tom Higgins (rock climber)

Tom Higgins (Thomas John Higgins, 1944 - ) is a California rock climber with many first and first free ascents primarily in the western United States. He is noted for pushing standards using a purist, free-climbing style.

Early Climbs, Tahquitz Rock

He began climbing in the early 1960s with partners Bud (later Ivan) Couch and Russ McLean on the sandstone boulders and short cliffs of Stony Point near Los Angeles. He soon teamed up with life-long climbing partner Bob Kamps. Together they did the 1963 first free ascent of "Blanketty Blank" at Tahquitz Rock (5.10c) in Southern California. [Jones, Chris (1976). Climbing in North America. Berkeley, California, USA: AAC/University of California Press. ISBN 0520029763. ] On this and other routes to follow, they employed ground up climbing without previewing or rehearsing the route or resting on the rope. They also placed protection (including bolts) on lead, all elements of a climbing style now termed Traditional climbing in contrast to Sport climbing. Another notable first ascent at Tahquitz was 1964's "Jonah" with Mike Cohen and Roy Coats. Near Tahquitz at Joshua Tree, he did the first free ascent of "Left Ski Track" on Intersection Rock. Done in 1968, the climb is significant for its difficulty rating of 5.11, unusual for the time.

The High Sierra and Europe

Higgins began climbing in the High Sierra in California with the first ascent of the "East Buttress of Agassiz Needle, Temple Crag" with Couch; and the "North Face of Mt. Morrison" with Charlie Raymond. In 1963, Higgins and Couch visited Wales, U.K., and climbed on a borrowed rope and slings threaded with machine nuts as protection with pitons was forbidden in the cliffs. They also climbed in Chamonix, France, where Higgins teamed with English partners to do the first free ascents of the "East Face of the Moin", the "M Metago Route" and "Albert West Face". ["The British Are Coming," Tom Higgins, Summit, A Mountaineering Magazine, Jene Crenshaw publisher, H.V.J Kilness Editor, Big Bear Lake, CA, April, 1965. A forward commentary on Tom Higgins and these climbs is provided by California rock climber Royal Robbins, rock climbing editor for Summit.]

Yosemite Valley, Tuolomne Meadows & Other Areas

In the late 60s, Higgins began climbing in Yosemite Valley. With Kamps, he did the first free ascent of the "NE Buttress of Middle Cathedral Rock". With Chris Jones, he did the first free of "Serenity Crack" and other first ascents ("Punch Bowl", "The Peanut", "Owl Roof", "The Void" among others). He developed his Yosemite crack climbing skills by building and practicing on a wooden, adjustable crack machine. [These and other ascents of Higgins are detailed in the climbing history of the era, Camp 4, Recollections of a Yosemite Rockclimber, Steve Roper, The Mountaineers, Seattle, 1994 (ISBN 0898863813).]

In Tuolumne Meadows above Yosemite Valley, Higgins teamed with Kamps, Vern Clevenger, Pat Ament, Chris Vandiver, Tom Gerughty and other partners to create new routes. He and others of the period stood on small edges and undulations, hammered with Rawl Drive drills to place quarter-inch bolts where necessary. Resulting now popular routes include "Lucky Streaks", "Nerve Wrack Point", "The Vision", "Fairest of All," "Curve Like Her", "Thy Will Be Done" and "Piece de Resistance". [The first ascents and climbing style used to create them in Tuolumne are summarized in Rock Climbs of Tuolumne Meadows, Don Reid, Chris Falkenstein, Chockstone Press, Denver, 1983, (ISBN 0960945210).] Higgins authored an introduction to Don Reid's 1983 "Rock Climbs of Tuolumne Meadows" guidebook ("A Climbing Commentary") on Tuolumne new route development and changing climbing styles. Outside the Meadows during the same period, Higgins climbed "Hair Raiser Buttress" with Clevenger at Granite Basin and first free of "The Line" with Frank Sarnquist at Lover's Leap, California. As the 70s closed, climbing styles in Tuolumne and elsewhere changed. Climbers began placing protection from hooks and rappel. Rope rests and hangs for progress came into play. Higgins wrote a critique on changing climbing styles, "Tricksters and Traditionalists" for the Sierra Club publication, "Ascent". The article was selected for a compilation, "The Best of Ascent, Twenty-five Years of Mountaineering Experience" [Steve Roper and Allen Steck, "The Best of Ascent, Twenty-five Years of Mountaineering Experience", Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, 1993 (ISBN 097156517X).] The term traditional climbing coined in the article describes the prevailing style up to the mid 70s and now denotes a camp and philosophy of climbing - "Traditional climbing" as opposed to "Sport climbing."

In the 1980’s, Higgins created first ascents and first free ascents at Pinnacles National Monument and in the Southern High Sierra mountains, California. On the Balconies at Pinnacles National Monument, Higgins climbed "Shake and Bake" with Chris Vandiver, and did the first free ascent of the "Sacherer, Bradley & Roper route". With Frank Sarnquist, he did the first free ascent of "Resurrection Wall". [A record and reflections on these climbs is found in "Anti-Climbing at Pinnacles," Tom Higgins, Ascent, Sierra Club, San Francisco, 1980 (ISBN 0871562405).] In the Southern Sierra with Ruprecht Von Kammerlander, Higgins did new routes on Fresno Dome; with Kamps, new routes in The Balls. On crackless Chiquito Dome, he did "Elegance" and "Sahib" with Chris Vandiver. [Route descriptions appear in Southern Yosemite Rock Climbs, Mark and Shirley Spencer, Condor Designs, 1988 (ISBN 0962015806).] Higgins maintains a web site of articles and pictures about climb histories, as well as a collection of fiction, climber obituaries and style commentaries. Higgins is vice president and co-owner of the transportation consulting company K.T. Analytics, Inc. founded in 1984.

External links

* [http://www.tomhiggins.net Higgins' web site]

References

Publications

"In Thanks" and "Nerve Wrack Point" in The Games Climbers Play, A Selection of 100 Mountaineering Articles, Edited by Ken Wilson, Diadem Books LTD, London, 1978 (ISBN 0906371015).

"In Due Time: A Play in Three Acts," in Ordeal By Piton, Writings from the Golden Age of Yosemite Climbing, Edited by Steve Roper, Stanford University Libraries, 2003 (ISBN 0911221263).

"Soarks," in Climber's Choice, Edited by Pat Ament, Ragged Mountain Press/McGraw Hill, 2002 (ISBN 0-07-137723-9).