Nickel aluminide

Nickel aluminide

Nickel aluminide (Ni3Al) is an intermetallic material with properties similar to both a ceramic and a metal.

There are three materials called nickel aluminide:

  • NiAl, CAS number 12003-78-0 (see also Raney nickel)
  • NiAl3, CAS number 12004-71-6
  • Ni3Al

Ni3Al

An intermetallic compound can be defined as an ordered alloy phase formed between two metallic elements, where an alloy phase is ordered if two or more sublattices are required to describe its atomic structure. The ordered structure exhibits superior elevated-temperature properties because of the long-range ordered superlattice, which reduces dislocation mobility and diffusion processes at elevated temperatures.[1]

Also known as IC-221M, this alloy is made up of nickel combined with several other metals including aluminium, chromium, molybdenum, zirconium and boron. Adding boron increases the ductility of the alloy. As well, it increases the hardness.

This alloy is extremely strong for its weight, five times stronger than stainless steel. Unlike most alloys, IC-221M increases in strength from room temperature up to 800 °C.

IC-221M temp graph.png

The alloy is very resistant to heat and corrosion, and finds use in heat-treating furnaces and other applications where its longer lifespan and reduced corrosion give it an advantage over stainless steel.[2]

Nickel aluminide is unique in that it has very high thermal conductivity combined with high strength at high temperature. These properties, combined with its high strength and low density, make it ideal for special applications like coating blades in gas turbines and jet engines.

In 2005, the most abrasion-resistant material was reportedly created by embedding diamonds in a matrix of nickel aluminide.[3]

Properties

  • Density = 7.26 g/cm3
  • Yield Strength = 855 MPa
  • Hardness = HRC 12

References

  1. ^ Vinod K. Sikka, Intermetallic-based high-temperature materials, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, March 1999
  2. ^ Crawford, Gerald (April 2003). "Exotic Alloy Finds Niche". Nickel magazine. http://www.nidi.org/index.cfm/ci_id/12317.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-19. 
  3. ^ Scientists Develop Nickel Aluminide Composite Material that Can Cut Through Cast Iron and Granite

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