Cookham Bridge

Cookham Bridge
Cookham Bridge (downstream side)
Official name	Cookham Bridge
Crosses	River Thames
Locale	Cookham, Berkshire
Design	Girder
Material	Iron
Height	15 feet 2 inches (4.62 m)[1]
Piers in water	6
Opened	1867
Toll	Abolished 1947
Coordinates	51°33′44″N 0°42′22″W / 51.562355°N 0.705974°W / 51.562355; -0.705974Coordinates: 51°33′44″N 0°42′22″W / 51.562355°N 0.705974°W / 51.562355; -0.705974

Cookham Bridge is a road bridge in Cookham, Berkshire, carrying the A4094 road across the River Thames in England. It is situated on the reach above Cookham Lock and links Cookham on the Berkshire bank with Bourne End in Buckinghamshire.

Cookham Bridge was first opened in 1840 in place of a ferry but the present structure dates from 1867. Since its opening a toll was payable but this ceased in 1947 when Berkshire County Council bought the bridge from its private owners.

Background

Cookham, on the south bank of the River Thames has existed as a settlement for many thousands of years but the first recorded river crossing there was the Camlet Way, a Roman road. Camlet Way crossed the Thames at Hedsor Wharf and the remains of a Roman bridge were discovered there in the 19th Century.^[2] The bridge fell in to disrepair after the departure of the Romans in the early 5th Century. Several ferry sites were established^[3] and even formed part of the Great Western Road until the construction of Maidenhead Bridge in 1280, but it was another 1,400 years before a bridged crossing at Cookham was seriously in prospect again.^[4]

In 1836 the newly formed Cookham Bridge Company (CBC) invited proposals for a fixed crossing at Cookham. Isambard Kingdom Brunel, who was engaged in the building of the Great Western Railway nearby, submitted designs for a cast iron suspension bridge with an estimated cost of £20,000 (equivalent to £1,562,000 today^[5]). The CBC balked at the price tag and Brunel subsequently redesigned the scheme but only to that "which I should not be ashamed to build"^[4] with a revised cost of £10,000 (£781,000^[5]). This was still too expensive for the CBC and they decided not to proceed with Brunel.^[4]

In 1837 the Cookham Bridge Company issued a prospectus expounding the "great inconvenience and risk" of the ferry crossings and promoting the advantages of a quick and safe route over the Thames to access the Great Western Railway which was shortly to come to Maidenhead.^[4] The CBC decided to proceed with a design from George Treacher for a wooden bridge 290 ft (88 m) long and 16 ft (4.9 m) wide at an estimated cost of £2000 (£145,000^[5]). Adding a further £3000 (£217,000^[5]) for contingency the CBC received approval from Parliament to charge tolls on the new bridge and to raise £5000 (£362,000^[5]) in £25 (£2,000^[5]) shares.^[6]

The owner of the ferry rights on the site of the new bridge, a Mr Poulton, was bought out by the CBC for £2,275 (£165,000^[5]) to include "one barge with chains and rollers for the carriage of cattle and one punt with poles for the conveyance of passengers". The ferry was then rented to John Beasley from 17 January 1839 for £2 4s 3d (£156^[5]) per month in order to provide a service whilst the new bridge was constructed.^[6]

1840 bridge

Cookham Bridge as depicted by Stanley Spencer in Swan Upping at Cookham (1915-19)

On 25 May 1839 a Mr Freebody was contracted to construct the bridge for £3,140 (equivalent to £220,145^[5]) with George Treacher, the designer, as Clerk of the Works. Freebody was also contracted for a further £225 (£15,775^[5]) to build a toll house and gates on the Buckinghamshire bank.^[6] Work started on the construction of the bridge in the Summer of 1839, and was finished by the end of the year, over-budget at a total cost of £4224.^[3] The bridge was wooden and had 13 spans, nine of 24 ft (7.3 m) and four of 18 ft (5.5 m).^[7] Cookham Bridge opened on 1 Jan 1840 and was let to a Mr Bolton at an annual rent of £350^[6] although by 1844 it was only producing £330pa in tolls.^[3]

Due to its wooden construction the bridge required a lot of maintenance and in 1859 George Treacher reported to the Cookham Bridge Company that several of the piles were "very much decayed and not unlikely to give way". In Treacher's opinion the bridge was unlikely to survive the winter^[8] and so a Mr Cook of Wycombe was engaged to make emergency repairs at a cost of £96 12s 2d (£7,314^[5]).^[6] The repairs did little to stem the decay and only five years later in 1864 the new surveyor, a Mr Carter, described the bridge as "not dangerous but not safe" and "may subside if a heavy vehicle passes over it".^[7] By 1866 the situation had deteriorated such that the lessee asked for a reduction in rent as the toll income had fallen off due to people being too afraid to use the bridge.^[7]

Present structure

On 17 July 1866 the Cookham Bridge Company announced that a new iron bridge would be built and requested designs. 37 schemes were submitted and the contract was awarded to Messrs Pease, Hutchinson & Co Ltd of the Skerne Ironworks, Darlington for a bridge of two wrought iron girders supported by eight pairs of concrete-filled iron pillars.^[7] The estimated cost was £2,520 (equivalent to £171,340^[5]), some £1000 cheaper even than the estimate for the 1840 wooden construction. The remarkably low cost, due to Pease & Hutchinson being major iron manufacturers and prolific bridge builders, led to the new bridge being known as "the cheapest bridge on the River for its size".^[8]

Work on the replacement bridge began on 30 November 1866. The old bridge was demolished on 6 May 1867 and the approaches rerouted ready for the new bridge opening on 1 July 1867.^[7] The bridge continued to be owned by the Cookham Bridge Company and operated as a toll-bridge until 1947 when it was bought out by Berkshire County Council for £30,000 (£871,388^[5]) and the tolls abolished.^[9]

See also

• Crossings of the River Thames

References

References

1. ^ River Thames Alliance. Bridge heights on the River Thames.
2. ^ "Saxon Defence, Sashes and Cookham Area - Attachment A". Minas Tirith Archaeological Survey. 2008-04-17. http://www.arcserv.org/Ck%20Saxon%20Rev/attachment_a.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-16. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} Wheals 1984, p. 111
4. ^ ^{a b c d} Phillips 1981, p. 105
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Lawrence H. Officer (2010) "What Were the UK Earnings and Prices Then?" MeasuringWorth.
6. ^ ^{a b c d e} Phillips 1981, p. 106
7. ^ ^{a b c d e} Phillips 1981, p. 109
8. ^ ^{a b} Thacker 1920, p. 302
9. ^ Cove-Smith 2006

Bibliography

• Cove-Smith, Chris (2006), The River Thames Book, Imray Laurie Norie and Wilson, ISBN 0852888929 
• Phillips, Geoffrey (1981), Thames Crossings, David and Charles, ISBN 0715382020 
• Thacker, Fred S. (1920), The Thames Highway: A History of the Locks and Weirs, Kew 
• Wheals, Brian Benchley (1984), Theirs were but human hearts: a local history of three Thameside parishes : Wooburn, Little Marlow and Hedsor, ISBN 9780950905303 

Next crossing upstream	River Thames	Next crossing downstream
Bourne End Railway Bridge (railway and pedestrian)	Cookham Bridge	Maidenhead Bridge (road)