Little Buffalo State Park

Geobox Protected Area
name = Little Buffalo State Park
native_name =
other_name =
other_name1 =
category_local = Pennsylvania State Park
category_iucn = III

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image_caption = Sunset over Holman Lake
etymology_type = Named for
etymology = Little Buffalo Creek
country = United States
state = Pennsylvania
region_type = Counties
region = Perry
district_type = Townships
district = Centre
district1 = Juniata
city =
city1 =
location =
lat_d = 40
lat_m = 27
lat_s = 06
lat_NS = N
long_d = 77
long_m = 10
long_s = 23
long_EW = W
location_note = cite web
url=Gnis3|1198262
title=Little Buffalo State Park
date = August 30 1990
work=Geographic Names Information System
publisher=United States Geological Survey
accessdate=2008-06-07]
elevation_imperial = 643
elevation_round = 1
elevation_note =
area_unit = acre
area_imperial = 923
area_round = 1
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established_type =
established = 1972
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management_body = Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
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map_caption = Location of Little Buffalo State Park in Pennsylvania
map_locator = Pennsylvania
map_first =
website = [http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/parks/littlebuffalo.aspx Little Buffalo State Park]

Little Buffalo State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on convert|923|acre|km2|2 in Centre and Juniata Townships, Perry County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is a historical destination as well as a recreational destination. Visitors to the park can cross a covered bridge and observe a restored and operating grist mill. The park is also home to Holman Lake a popular fishing lake in Perry County and several hundred acres are open to hunting. Little Buffalo State Park is a mile southwest of Newport just off Pennsylvania Route 34.

History

Native Americans

Little Buffalo State Park is named for Little Buffalo Creek which runs through the park. The creek and the nearby Buffalo Ridge are named for the bison that are believed to have once roamed the ridge and valley region of Pennsylvania. Little is known of the Native Americans that once lived in the area. It is thought that several tribes passed through the area as they migrated westward in the face of colonial settlement. Perry County was part of the Albany Purchase of 1754 when the colonist purchased a large tract of land from the Iroquois League of Six Nations.

Blue Ball Tavern

Settlement of the area did not begin in force until after the American Revolution. The early settlers cleared the land for farming. Much of this land is still farmed today. John Koch, one of the first to farm the area in the 1790s, opened the Blue Ball Tavern in 1811. This tavern served travellers on the Carlisle Pike between Carlisle and Sunbury. The tavern offered food, drink, and a sleeping loft. It became a gathering spot for locals as they discussed the news and gossip of the day. The Blue Ball Tavern served as a rest stop for messengers who travelled between Carlisle and Sunbury during the War of 1812. Rumor has it that the tavern was where the plans for the creation of Perry County were made in 1821. The tavern was closed in 1841. A farmhouse was built in 1865 on the foundation of the tavern. Some recycled boards and hardware from the tavern were used in the construction of the farmhouse which currently houses a museum and library that are operated by the Perry County Historical Society.cite web
url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/Parks/littlebuffalo_history.aspx
title = Little Buffalo State Park History
accessdate = 2006-11-21
publisher = Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ]

Charcoal Furnaces

The early days of the Newport area are tied to the charcoal industry. Before the discovery of coal, charcoal was used to fire the furnaces of the iron furnaces. The demand for charcoal was great. One iron furnace could consume convert|1|acre|m2|-2 of forest in one day. Massive charcoal furnaces were built at near Newport to meet these needs. The charcoal was created by stacking timber around large hearths. The hearths were fired by a collier. The collier tended the hearths for 10 to 14 days until the charcoal was ready. The charcoal was then sent to the Juniata Iron Works which was in operation until 1848 when all the wood in the surrounding area had been consumed. Reminders of the charcoal industry are visible today at Little Buffalo State Park. Large circular areas of mostly barren land are located at the sites of the former furnaces and pieces of charcoal can still be found in the woods of the park.

Farming and the mill

The land was not left to waste after the Juniata Iron Works was shut down in 1848. Farmers stayed on the land and it was actively farmed until the 1960s. William Shoaff bought convert|63|acre|km2|2 of land and a gristmill from the Juniata Iron Works in 1849 after it had been shut down. The local farmers brought their crops to Shoaff's Mill until 1940s. The mill has since been restored and is back in operation. Visitors to the park can observe the milling of cornmeal, cracked corn and the grinding of apples for apple cider.

Wildlife

Fish

Little Buffalo Creek and Holman Lake create an excellent habitat for a great variety of wild animals. The waters of the creek and lake are warm. This makes for an ideal habitat for crappie, sunfish and largemouth bass. The bass will eat just about anything in the lake. They prey on ducklings, crayfish, frogs and even other fish. Holman Lake has a very large population of yellow perch. The population of the yellow perch has been managed by the stocking of walleye, muskellunge, and channel catfish. This large population a tremendous variety of fish has made Holman Lake a very popular fishing lake. Holman Lake is a designated "Big Bass Lake". This means that the only fish anglers are allowed to keep must be at least 15 inches long with a daily limit of 4 bass.cite web
url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/Parks/littlebuffalo_wildlifeextra.aspx
title = Little Buffalo State Park Natural History
accessdate = 2006-11-21
publisher = Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ]

Birds

The tremendous fish population draws birds to the waters of Holman Lake. Bald Eagles and osprey do not nest at Little Buffalo State Park, but they do fish the waters. Great blue heron and green heron wade in the shallows of the lake in search of fish, frogs and crayfish. Wood ducks make their home at the lake along with mallards and canadian geese. The woods and field surrounding the lake are the home of the once rare bluebird. These birds became endangered due to the loss habitat. They nested only in tree cavities. People have helped the bluebird by constructing birdhouses that mimic the woodpecker holes that bluebirds would naturally use to build their nests. Turkeys and ruffed grouse live and thrive in the forests of Little Buffalo State Park.

Mammals

The streams and lakeshores of Little Buffalo State Park are the home to the nocturnal hunter the mink. The park is also a habitat for woodland mammals such as the white tailed deer, red and gray squirrel, rabbits, chipmunks, and black bear.

Reptiles and amphibians

Little Buffalo State Park has a population of snakes and turtles. The red spotted newt lives near the lake. This amphibian is often confused with a lizard. It is five inches (127 mm) long and is green with red spots. These newts are numerous because they are not eaten by the many fish of the lake. The skin of the newt secretes a mild toxin that makes it unpalatable to fish.

Recreation

Little Buffalo State Park offers many recreational opportunities for visitors to the park.

Picnics

There are two picnic areas at Little Buffalo State Park. Both areas have a view of Lake Holman and are largely shaded by oak, maple and ash trees. The Main Picnic Area is close to the swimming pool. It shares a first-aid station, shower area, and food concession with the pool. The picnic area is also the location of a playground, horseshoe pits, two pavilions, restrooms, picnic tables and grills and a boat rental station. The East Picnic Area is near the historical covered bridge and farmhouse. It has restrooms, picnic tables and grills, a horseshoe pit, a pavilion, an environmental interpretive center and the Moore Performing Arts Pavilion.cite web
url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/Parks/littlebuffalo.aspx
title = Little Buffalo State Park
accessdate = 2006-11-21
publisher = Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ]

wimming

There is a modern swimming pool that is open from 11:00 am until 7:00 pm opening Memorial Day weekend and closing Labor Day weekend. The pool has slides and a sprayground.

Holman Lake

Holman Lake is opened year round to fishing and boating. It is a "Big Bass Lake", only bass convert|15|in|cm|1 or longer may be kept with a daily limit of four per angler. The lake has a native population of largemouth bass, catfish and panfish. It is stocked with brook, brown and rainbow trout. The high population of yellow perch is controlled by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission by stocking muskellunge and walleye. All of these fish are targeted by recreational fisherman on a year round basis, from shore, boat and during the winter months on the ice cover. Electric-powered, gas-powered, and non-powered boats are permitted on the waters of Holman Lake with current registration from any state. Although gas-powered boats are permitted, the engine(s) are not allowed to be used. They must be powered by an electric motor or rowing. The lake is open in the winter for ice skating and ice fishing.

Hunting

Hunting is permitted on about convert|300|acre|km2|2 of Little Buffalo State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Game Commission. The common game species are Ruffed Grouse, Eastern Gray Squirrel, Wild Turkey, White-tailed Deer, and Eastern Cottontail. The hunting of Groundhogs is prohibited.

Trails

Little Buffalo has about convert|8|mi|km|1 of hiking trails and it holds a year round Volksmarching event.cite web
url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/Parks/littlebuffalo_trails.aspx
title = Little Buffalo State Park Trails
accessdate = 2006-11-21
publisher = Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ]

* Volksmarching - Volksmarching is a traditional German recreational activity. Volksmarchers traverse a course that is convert|6|mi|km|1 long, marked by white arrows on Mill Race, Fisherman's, Buffalo Ridge, Little Buffalo Creek, Middle Ridge, Little Buffalo State Park Road and the Exercise Trail.

* Little Buffalo Creek Trail - Marked with blue blazes. This trail is convert|1|mi|km|1 length and is rated as an easy trail. It runs between the Main Picnic Area and the western end of the park.

* Exercise Trail This trail is convert|1.2|mi|km|1 and follows an 18 station exercise course.

* Blue Ball Trail This trail is convert|0.25|mi|km|2, paved, and is ADA accessible. It runs from the Blue Ball Tavern to the East Picnic Area.

* Fisherman's Trail - Marked with yellow blazes. This trail passes through a mature hemlock forest and is convert|1|mi|km|1 long. The temperature surrounding the trail is usually cool because of the density of the cover of the hemlocks. Very little play life exists along the trail expect for ferns and hemlock seedlings. The eastern end of the trail overlooks Holman Lake and the dam.

* Mill Race Trail - Marked with orange blazes. Mill Race Trail is an easy trail of convert|0.5|mi|km|1. It follows Furnace Run and the mill race for Shoaff's Mill. The race provides water power for the mill. Hikers on the trail get a fist hand look at just how the mill race works.

* Middle Ridge Trail - Marked with red blazes is a difficult trail that runs convert|2.5|mi|km|1 from the Exercise Trail to the western end of the park. It has several short and steep climbs. The trail passes through a variety of habitats and passes the lake.

* Buffalo Ridge Trail - Marked with white blazes is a difficult trail that runs convert|1.5|mi|km|1 from the East Picnic Area to abandoned railbed of the Newport and Sherman's Valley Railroad. This trails climbs Buffalo Ridge and passes the remains of the industrial past of the area. Hikers can see remains of the charcoal furnaces as they hike this trail.

All hiking trails are opened to cross-country skiing during the winter months.

Nearby state parks

The following state parks are within convert|30|mi|km|0 of Little Buffalo State Park:cite web
last = Michels
first = Chris
year = 1997
url = http://www2.nau.edu/~cvm/latlongdist.html
title = Latitude/Longitude Distance Calculation
publisher = Northern Arizona University
accessdate = 2008-04-23] [cite web
url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/parks/region_dutch.aspx
title = Map ref for Little Buffalo State Park
accessdate = 2006-11-21
publisher = Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ] [cite map |scale = 1:65,000| publisher=Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research, Geographic Information Division
url= ftp://ftp.dot.state.pa.us/public/pdf/BPR_pdf_files/Maps/GHS/Roadnames/perry_GHSN.PDF
title= 2007 General Highway Map Perry County Pennsylvania
accessdate= 2007-07-28 "Note: shows Little Buffalo State Park"]
*Big Spring State Park (Perry County)
*Boyd Big Tree Preserve Conservation Area (Dauphin County)
*Colonel Denning State Park (Cumberland County)
*Fowlers Hollow State Park (Perry County)
*Joseph E. Ibberson Conservation Area (Dauphin County)
*Kings Gap Environmental Education and Training Center (Cumberland County)
*Pine Grove Furnace State Park (Cumberland County)
*Reeds Gap State Park (Mifflin County)

References

External links

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