Rudbeckia hirta

Rudbeckia hirta
Rudbeckia hirta
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta flowerhead
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Rudbeckia
Species: R. hirta
Binomial name
Rudbeckia hirta
L.

Rudbeckia hirta, the Black-eyed Susan, with the other common names of: Brown-eyed Susan, Brown Betty, Brown Daisy (Rudbeckia triloba), Gloriosa Daisy, Golden Jerusalem, Poorland Daisy, Yellow Daisy, and Yellow Ox-eye Daisy. It is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is an upright annual (sometimes biennial or perennial) native to most of North America, and is one of a number of plants with the common name Black-eyed Susan with flowers having dark purplish brown centers. Black-eyed Susans can be established, like most other wildflowers, simply by spreading seeds throughout a designated area. They are able to reseed themselves after the first season.

Contents

Etymology

The genus name honors Olaus Rudbeck, who was a professor of botany at the University of Uppsala in Sweden and was one of Linnaeus's teachers. The specific epithet refers to the trichomes (hairs) occurring on leaves and stems.[1]

Growth

The plant can reach a height of 1 m. It has alternate, mostly basal leaves 10-18 cm long, covered by coarse hair. It flowers from June to August, with inflorescences measuring 5-8 cm in diameter (up to 15 cm in some cultivars), with yellow ray florets circling a brown, domed center of disc florets.[2]

Varieties

There are four varieties:

  • Rudbeckia hirta var. angustifolia. Southeastern United States (South Carolina to Texas).
  • Rudbeckia hirta var. floridana. Florida, endemic.
  • Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta. Northeastern United States (Maine to Alabama).
  • Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima. Widespread in most of North America (Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Alabama and New Mexico; naturalized Washington to California).

Symbolism and uses

The Black-eyed Susan was designated the state flower of Maryland in 1918.[3]

Butterflies are attracted to Rudbeckia hirta when planted in large color-masses.[4]

Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden planting; some popular ones include 'Double Gold', 'Indian Summer', and 'Marmalade'.

The roots but not seedheads of Rudbeckia hirta can be used much like the related Echinacea purpurea. It is an astringent used as in a warm infusion as a wash for sores and swellings. The Ojibwa used it as a poultice for snake bites[5] and to make an infusion for treating colds and worms in children. The plant is diuretic and was used by the Menominee and Potawatomi. [6][7] Juice from the roots had been used as drops for earaches.[8]

The plant contains anthocyanins. [9]

Gallery

Notes

  1. ^ Andy's Northern Ontario Wildflowers: Native Meadow Wildflowers. Black-eyed Susan.
  2. ^ Floridata: Rudbeckia hirta.
  3. ^ "Fiscal and Policy Notes (HB 345)". Department of Legislative Services - Maryland General Assembly. 2010. http://mlis.state.md.us/google_docs$/2010rs/fnotes/bil_0005/HB0345.PDF. Retrieved 2010-03-13. 
  4. ^ Schillo, Rebecca (2011). Cummings, Nina. ed. "Native Landscaping Takes Root in Chicago". In The Field: 13. 
  5. ^ Black-Eyed Susan
  6. ^ Herbs
  7. ^ Rudbeckia hirta
  8. ^ Moerman. D. Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon. 1998 ISBN 0-88192-453-9
  9. ^ Cat.Inist

References


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Rudbeckia hirta — Rudbeckia Rud*beck i*a, n. [NL. So named after Olaf Rudebeck, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, the coneflowers, consisting of perennial herbs with showy pedunculate heads, having a hemispherical involucre, sterile ray… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Rudbeckia hirta — plaukuotoji rudbekija statusas T sritis vardynas atitikmenys: lot. Rudbeckia hirta angl. black eyed Susan; yellow daisy; late flowering rudbeckia vok. einjähriger Sonnenhut; kurzhaarige Rudbeckie; rauhaariger Sonnenhut; rauher Sonnenhut rus.… …   Dekoratyvinių augalų vardynas

  • Rudbeckia hirta — Black eyed Susan Black eyed Su san (Bot.) (a) The coneflower, or yellow daisy ({Rudbeckia hirta}). (b) The bladder ketmie. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Rudbeckia hirta — ID 73314 Symbol Key RUHI2 Common Name blackeyed Susan Family Asteraceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Rudbeckia hirta — noun the state flower of Maryland; of central and southeastern United States; having daisylike flowers with dark centers and yellow to orange rays • Syn: ↑black eyed Susan, ↑Rudbeckia serotina • Hypernyms: ↑coneflower • Member Holonyms:… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta — ID 73320 Symbol Key RUHIH Common Name blackeyed Susan Family Asteraceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AL, AR, CT, GA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MS, NC, NH, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Rudbeckia hirta var. angustifolia — ID 73315 Symbol Key RUHIA Common Name blackeyed Susan Family Asteraceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TX Growth Habit Forb/herb …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Rudbeckia hirta var. floridana — ID 73318 Symbol Key RUHIF Common Name blackeyed Susan Family Asteraceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution FL Growth Habit Forb/herb Duration …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima — ID 73326 Symbol Key RUHIP Common Name blackeyed Susan Family Asteraceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Rudbeckia hirta L. — Symbol RUHI2 Common Name blackeyed Susan Botanical Family Asteraceae …   Scientific plant list

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