Disulfide

Disulfide
General structure of disulfides

In chemistry, a disulfide usually refers to the structural unit composed of a linked pair of sulfur atoms. Disulfide usually refer to a chemical compound that contains a disulfide bond, such as diphenyl disulfide, C6H5S-SC6H5.

Inorganic vs. organic disulfides

The disulfide anion is S22−, or S–S. Sulfur is usually assigned to the reduced oxidation number −2, described as S2− and called sulfide. It has the electron configuration of a noble gas (argon). In disulfide, sulfur is only reduced to a state with oxidation number −1. Its configuration then resembles that of a chlorine atom. It thus tends to form a covalent bond with another S center to form S22− group. Oxygen also behaves similarly, e.g. in peroxides such as H2O2. Examples:

In many cases, each of the sulfur atoms in a disulfide group is covalently bonded to a carbon atom in an organic compound, forming a disulfide bond, sometimes called a disulfide linkage or a disulfide bridge. Examples:

Pyrite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
Disulfur-dichloride-3D-balls.png
Cystine-3D-balls.png
Lipoic-acid-3D-balls.png
Diphenyl-disulfide-3D-balls.png
FeS2 unit cell
S2Cl2
cystine
lipoic acid
Ph2S2

Misnomers

Disulfide is also used to refer to compounds that contain two sulfide (S2−) centers. The compound carbon disulfide, CS2 is described with the structural formula i.e. S=C=S. This molecule is not a disulfide in the sense that it lacks a S-S bond. Similarly, molybdenum disulfide, MoS2, is not a disulfide in the sense again that its sulfur atoms are not linked.

Carbon-disulfide-3D-balls.png
Molybdenite-3D-balls.png
CS2
MoS2

References


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Disulfide —   [lateinisch], vom Disulfan, H2S2, abgeleitete Verbindungen, z. B. Salze wie Natriumdisulfid, Na2S2, oder organische Verbindungen wie Dimethyldisulfid, (CH3)2S2. Die durch das Cystin gebildete S S Gruppierung (Disulfidbrücke) spielt beim Aufbau… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • disulfide — [dī sul′fīd΄] n. 1. a chemical compound in which two sulfur atoms are united with a single radical or with a single atom of an element; bisulfide 2. an organic compound in which the radical SS is attached to two different carbon atoms …   English World dictionary

  • Disulfide — Allgemeine Struktur von organischen (kovalenten) Disulfiden mir den Organyl Resten R1 und R2, die Alkyl Reste, Aryl Reste, Alkylaryl Reste etc. sind. Die Disulfid Brücke ist blau markiert. Disulfide sind chemische Verbindungen, die zwei… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • disulfide — /duy sul fuyd, fid/, n. Chem. 1. (in inorganic chemistry) a sulfide containing two atoms of sulfur, as carbon disulfide, CS2. 2. (in organic chemistry) a sulfide containing the bivalent group SS , as diethyl disulfide, C4H10S2. Also, disulphide.… …   Universalium

  • disulfide — di•sul•fide [[t]daɪˈsʌl faɪd, fɪd[/t]] n. 1) chem. (in inorganic chemistry) a sulfide containing two atoms of sulfur, as carbon disulfide, CS2 2) chem. (in organic chemistry) a sulfide containing the bivalent group −SS−, as diethyl disulfide,… …   From formal English to slang

  • disulfide — (ˈ)dī+ noun Etymology: di + sulfide 1. : a compound containing two atoms of sulfur combined with an element or radical iron disulfide 2. : an organic compound containing the bivalent group −SS− composed of two sulfur atoms united to carbon atoms… …   Useful english dictionary

  • disulfide — disulfidas statusas T sritis chemija formulė R–S–S–R atitikmenys: angl. disulfide rus. дисульфид …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Disulfide bond — In chemistry, a disulfide bond (Br.E. disulphide bond) is a covalent bond, usually derived by the coupling of two thiol groups. The linkage is also called an SS bond or disulfide bridge. The overall connectivity is therefore R S S R. The… …   Wikipedia

  • Disulfide bond formation protein B — (red), complex with DsbA (blue) Identifiers Symbol DsbB Pfam …   Wikipedia

  • disulfide bond — a strong covalent bond, S S , important in linking polypeptide chains in proteins, the linkage arising as a result of the oxidation of the sulfhydryl (SH) groups of two molecules of cysteine; called also disulfide bridge …   Medical dictionary

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