St Helena Swamphen

Taxobox
name = St Helena Swamphen
status = EX
status_system = iucn3.1
extinct = Early 16th. Century
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Gruiformes
familia = Rallidae
genus = "Aphanocrex"
species = "A. podarces"
binomial = "Aphanocrex podarces"
binomial_authority = Wetmore, 1963
range_

range_map_width = 250px
range_map_caption = Location of St Helena.

The St Helena Swamphen ("Aphanocrex podarces") was a large flightless rail from St Helena. It became extinct in the early 16th century.

When American ornithologist Alexander Wetmore described this species from subfossil remains which were found at Prosperous Bay, St Helena, he classified it into the new genus "Aphanocrex". However, in 1973 American paleontologist Storrs Olson synonymised this genus with the genus "Atlantisia" which other representative is the Inaccessible Island Rail ("Atlantisia rogersi"). While Olson had considered it as congenor of the Inaccessible Island Rail, other scientists regarded it not even as close relative and so it was renamed into "Aphanocrex". The St Helena Swamphen was relatively large and reached almost the size of the New Zealand Weka ("Gallirallus australis"). In contrast to the Weka it was more slender. Since St Helena was predator free until the sixteenth century, the swamphen had lost its ability to fly but it wings were better developed like the wings of the rails from Inaccessible Island and Ascension Island. Furthermore it had strong toes with long claws which give that species a good ability to climb and flutter up the steep valley walls. It fed probably on the eggs and the juveniles of several St Helena terrestrial and pelagic bird species and on snails. Like other ground-nesting birds as the St Helena Crake and the Giant Hoopoe it became a victim of alien predators like cats and rats which were brought to St Helena after 1502.

Further reading

*Storrs L. Olson, Paleornithology of St Helena Island, south Atlantic Ocean, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23 (1975)

External links

* Database entry includes justification for why this species is extinct