Graeae

For the British organization, see Graeae Theatre Company.

Not to be confused with Graea.

"Deino" redirects here. For the Pokémon, see Deino (Pokémon).

Perseus Returning the Eye of the Graii, Henry Fuseli.

Greek deities series
Primordial deities
Titans and Olympians
Aquatic deities
Chthonic deities
Other deities
Personified concepts
Apate Atë Bia Charites Eris Eros Harmonia Horae Hypnos	Kratos Metis Mnemosyne Moirae Morpheus Nemesis Nike Thanatos Themis Zelos

The Graeae (English translation: "old women", "grey ones", "grey sisters", or "grey witches"; alternatively spelled Graiai (Γραῖαι), Graiae, Graii), were three sisters who shared one eye and one tooth among them. They are one of several trios of archaic goddesses in Greek mythology. The Graeae were daughters of Phorcys and Ceto. Thus, they were among the Phorcydes, all of which were either aquatic (sea-based) or chthonic (earth-based) dieties. The Graiae were sisters to the Gorgons.^[1] The Graeae took the form of old grey-haired women; though, at times poets euphemistically described them as "beautiful." In other legends they are described as being half-swan.

Their age was so great that a human childhood for them was hardly conceivable. Hesiod reports their names as Deino (Δεινώ "dread", the dreadful anticipation of horror), Enyo (Ἐνυώ "horror" the "waster of cities" who had an identity separate from this sisterhood) and Pemphredo (Πεμφρηδώ "alarm").^[2] Hyginus adds a fourth, Persis or Perso.

Like another set of crones at the oldest levels of both Germanic and Norse mythology, they shared one eye and one tooth, which they took turns using. By stealing their eye while they were passing amongst themselves, the hero Perseus forced them to tell the whereabouts of the three objects needed to kill Medusa (in other versions the whereabouts of Medusa herself), by ransoming their shared eye for the information.^[1] One might compare the Graeae with the three spinners of Destiny, (the Moirae); the northern European Norns; or the Baltic goddess Laima and her two sisters; though all are distinct trios.

Modern depictions

• In the video game Titan Quest: Immortal Throne, the player has to kill the Graeae in order to give their eye to Medea.
• In Clash of the Titans (and its 2010 remake) the Graeae are called the "Stygian Witches".
• In The Sea of Monsters, the second Percy Jackson & the Olympians novel, the Grey Sisters were taxi drivers operating in the New York area.
• In the 1988 Sierra game King's Quest IV: The Perils of Rosella, you must steal the eye from the three witches in order to barter it for a puzzle piece that is critical to solving the game.
• The single eye aspect of them was depicted as an aspect of the Fates in the 1997 Disney film Hercules.

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Harris, Stephen L., and Gloria Platzner. Classical Mythology: Images and Insights (Third Edition). California State University, Sacramento. Mayfield Publishing Company. 2000, 1998, 1995, pp. 273-274, 1039.
2. ^ Hesiod. Theogony, 270-274, and Apollodorus, ii.4.2; sometimes spelled Peuphredo (Πευφρηδώ) or Pephredo (Πεφρηδώ) (see M. Hofinger, Lexicon Hesiodeum cum Indice Inverso, p. 533.

References

• Grimal, Pierre, "Graeae" p. 175
• Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Graeae"

External links

• The Theoi Project, "GRAIAI"