Kiowa-Tanoan languages

Infobox Language family
name=Kiowa-Tanoan
region=central North America
familycolor=American
family=Kiowa-Tanoan
child1="Kiowa"
child2=Tiwa
child3="Tewa"
child4="Towa"


map_caption=Distribution of Kiowa-Tanoan languages before European contact

Kiowa-Tanoan (also Tanoan-Kiowa) is a family of languages spoken in New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Most of the languages — Tiwa (Taos, Picuris, Southern Tiwa), Tewa, and Towa — are spoken in the Pueblos of New Mexico (with one outlier in Arizona) and called collectively "Tanoan", while Kiowa is spoken mostly in southwestern Oklahoma.

Kiowa-Tanoan languages

The Kiowa-Tanoan language family has seven languages grouped into four branches.

A. Kiowa: 1) Kiowa: 300 speakersB. Tiwa: I. Northern Tiwa:: 2) Taos: 803 speakers (1980 census):: 3) Picuris: 101 speakers (1990 census):II. Southern Tiwa:: 4) Southern Tiwa :::dialects:::::Sandia - 144 speakers::::Isleta - 1588 speakers::::Ysleta del Sur "(extinct)":III. Piro:: 5) Piro "(extinct)"C. Tewa: 6) Tewa: total of 1,298 speakers (1980 census) :: dialects:::: Arizona Tewa (Tano)::: Rio Grande Tewa groups (Santa Clara - 207 speakers, San Juan - 495 speakers, San Ildefonso - 349 speakers, Nambe - 50 speakers, Pojoaque - 25 speakers, and Tesuque - 172 speakers)D. Jemez: 7) Jemez (a.k.a. Towa): 1,301 speakers (1990 census)

Genealogical relations

The Kiowa-Tanoan family has been connected to the Uto-Aztecan family in a hypothetical Aztec-Tanoan proposal. Although still undemonstrated, many linguists find this hypothesis to be promising.

Prehistory, archaeological perspectives

Historical phonology

The chart below [The Americanist phonetic symbols differ from the IPA: Amer. < c > = IPA < ts >, Amer IPA|< ʒ > = IPA < dz >.] contains the reconstructed consonants of the Kiowa-Tanoan proto-language as reconstructed by Hale (1967) based on consonant correspondences in stem-initial position.

:

Notes

Bibliography

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