Tropical Storm Dean (2001)

Infobox Hurricane
Name=Tropical Storm Dean
Type=Tropical storm
Year=2001
Basin=Atl
Image location=TS Dean 27 aug 2001 1644Z.jpg


Formed=August 22, 2001
Dissipated=August 28, 2001
1-min winds=60
Pressure=994
Da

Inflated=1
Fatalities=None
Areas=Lesser Antilles, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Bermuda, Canada
Hurricane season=2001 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Storm Dean was a moderate tropical storm that affected at least twelve islands along its path from the tropical Atlantic Ocean to east of Atlantic Canada. Dean developed from a tropical wave on August 22 over the Lesser Antilles, and was initially predicted to intensify further to reach hurricane status. However, strong wind shear quickly weakened Dean to cause it to dissipate on August 23. The remnants turned northward, and redeveloped on August 26 to the north of Bermuda. Located over warm waters and in an area of favorable conditions, Dean steadily strengthened while moving to the northeast, and peaked just below hurricane status on August 27 about 465 miles (750 km) southwest of Newfoundland. The storm subsequently weakened over cooler waters, and became extratropical on August 28.

The precursor tropical wave dropped heavy rainfall and produced moderate winds throughout the Lesser Antilles, though no serious damage was reported. In Puerto Rico, rainfall of up to 12.7 inches (322 mm) produced widespread flooding across the island. Thousands were left without power or water, and two houses lost their roofs from the storm. The passage of Dean resulted in $7.7 million (2001 USD, $9.4 million 2008 USD) in damage in Puerto Rico. The storm produced light to moderate rainfall in Bermuda and later in Newfoundland, though no damage was reported.

Meteorological history

A large tropical wave with minimal convection moved off the coast of Africa near Dakar between August 14 and August 15. It moved westward, and gradually developed thunderstorms across the wave axis.cite web|author=Lixion Avila|year=2001|title=Tropical Storm Dean Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2001dean.html] On August 21, while located about 450 miles (725 km) east of the Lesser Antilles, convection increased further within the system, though unfavorable upper-level wind shear prevented rapid development.cite web|author=Stewart|year=2001|title=August 21 Tropical Weather Outlook|publisher=NHC|Accessdate=2006-11-07|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-A/2001/Aug/2001082109.ABNT20] It continued to become better organized, and though a Reconnaissance flight into the system reported strong winds, it lacked a surface circulation. Late on August 21 the wave passed through the northern Lesser Antilles, and subsequent to a decrease in wind shear the system became much better organized on August 22.cite web|author=Stewart|year=2001|title=August 21 Tropical Weather Outlook|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-A/2001/Aug/2001082209.ABNT20] A surface circulation formed, and the system developed into Tropical Storm Dean on August 22 near Saint Croix. Dean was upgraded directly to a tropical storm due to the presence of 50 mph (80 km/h) winds in the storm.

Reconnaissance Aircraft and surface reports confirmed the existence of a circulation. Dean moved northwestward at 22 mph (35 km/h), under the influence of the Bermuda High to its northeast. The storm strengthened slightly to reach winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) later on August 22, though the circulation was exposed on the western edge of the convection due to the storm's quick forward motion and persistent wind shear. Initial forecasts predicted the shear to decrease, allowing Dean to attain hurricane status with winds of over 80 mph (130 km/h).cite web|author=Beven|year=2001|title=Tropical Storm Dean Discussion One|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/al052001.discus.001.html] However, an upper-level trough produced an increase of shear over the storm, and by August 23 Dean weakened to a tropical depression. Hours later, the circulation dissipated, and Dean degenerated into a tropical wave to the east of the Bahamas. Regeneration was considered unlikely at the time.cite web|author=Beven|year=2001|title=Tropical Depression Dean Discussion Five|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/al052001.discus.005.html]

The remnants of Dean turned to the north, and became embedded within a large mid-level trough off the East Coast of the United States. Convection increased around the system early on August 24.cite web|author=Franklin|year=2001|title=August 23 Tropical Weather Outlook|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-A/2001/Aug/2001082402.ABNT20] The system became better organized, with indications of a broad surface circulation forming about 400 miles (645 km) west-southwest of Bermuda.cite web|author=Beven|year=2001|title=August 24 Tropical Weather Outlook|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-A/2001/Aug/2001082415.ABNT20] However, a reconnaissance flight into the remnants of Dean reported a broad low pressure area with the strongest winds and convection located far from the area of minimum pressure, indicating it had some non-tropical characteristics. The weak disturbance passed to the west of Bermuda early on August 25, and subsequently began to drift to the northeast. The remnants of Dean produced convection near its developing circulation, and on August 26, while located 220 miles (350 km) north of Bermuda the system organized sufficiently enough to be re-classified a tropical depression. Operationally, the National Hurricane Center did not re-initiate advisories until fifteen hours later.Cite web|author=Pasch|title=Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Six|year=2001|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/al052001.discus.006.html]

The depression continued to the northeast, and re-strengthened into Tropical Storm Dean early on August 27 while located 580 miles (930 km) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The convection became better organized, and Dean steadily strengthened as it tracked northeastward. A ship near the center of Dean confirmed the storm re-developed. The convection near the center greatly organized, and an eye feature began to develop.cite web|author=Stewart|year=2001|title=Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Seven|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/al052001.discus.007.html] Remaining over warm waters, Dean continued to strengthen and reached peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) late on the 27th while located about 465 miles (750 km) southwest of Cape Race, Newfoundland.cite web|author=Stewart|year=2001|title=Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Eight|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/al052001.discus.008.html] The eye feature failed to develop further, and after maintaining its peak intensity for 12 hours Dean weakened over progressively cooler waters. The convection quickly diminished,cite web|author=Beven|year=2001|title=Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Ten|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/al052001.discus.010.html] and on August 28 Dean became extratropical while located 145 miles (235 km) east-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The extratropical storm continued northeastward until being absorbed by a frontal low on August 29.

Impact and preparations

Caribbean

About a day before Dean developed, the National Hurricane Center advised interests in the northern and central Lesser Antilles to monitor the progress of the storm. Routine statements issued by the National Hurricane Center warned for the possibility of strong winds and heavy rains. However, because Dean formed after it passed the islands, no tropical cyclone warnings or watches were issued. The precursor tropical wave dropped moderate to heavy rainfall throughout the Lesser Antilles, including 1.5 inches (38 mm) in Nevis.cite web|author=Peter Crane|year=2001|title=Unofficial Reports from Nevis on Tropical Storm Dean|publisher=Stormcarib.com|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.stormcarib.com/reports/2001/nevis.shtml] On Antigua, the system produced sustained winds of 30 to 35 mph (48 to 56 km/h), with gusts of over 50 mph (80 km/h) on higher terrain.cite web|author=Stormcarib.com|year=2001|title=Unofficial Reports from Antigua on Tropical Storm Dean|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.stormcarib.com/reports/2001/antigua1.shtml] In Saba, the wave dropped around 1 inch (25 mm) of rain, and due to the threat for mudslides several schools were closed early. Officials at the Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport canceled several flights due to the system. Rough seas on Saba led to many ships and boats remaining at port.cite web|author=Roddy Heyliger|year=2001|title=Press Releases on the Passage of a Tropical Wave|publisher=Saba Government Information Service|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.stormcarib.com/reports/2001/saba.shtml] The precursor disturbance dropped heavy rainfall on Saint Martin of around 5 inches (129 mm),cite web|author=World Meteorological Organization|year=2002|title=Reports of hurricanes, tropical storms, tropical disturbances and related flooding during 2001|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/TCP/MEETING/RA%20IV%20HC-24/doc14.doc] resulting in flooding in some low-lying areas. Due to the threat of the wave, schools were advised to close early, and officials enacted preparations to reduce flooding. Rough waves on the southern portion of the island broke a cargo vessel from its moorings and washed it ashore.cite web|author=Roddy Heyliger|year=2001|title=Unofficial Reports from St. Martin on Tropical Storm Dean|publisher=Stormcarib.com|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.stormcarib.com/reports/2001/stmartin.shtml] On Tortola, the combination of heavy rainfall and strong winds left houses without cable, though no damage was reported there.cite web|author=Stormcarib.com|year=2001|title=Unofficial Reports from Tortola|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.stormcarib.com/reports/2001/bvi.shtml]

The precursor disturbance to Tropical Storm Dean produced 1.07 inches (27 mm) of rain in Saint Thomas, where winds reached 40 mph (64 km/h) with gusts to 48 mph (77 km/h). 6 to 8-foot (1.8 to 2.4-m) seas caused disruptions in the coastal waters of the United States Virgin Islands.cite web|author=J.B. Berdon|year=2001|title=Unofficial Reports from St. Thomas on Tropical Storm Dean|publisher=Stormcarib.com|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.stormcarib.com/reports/2001/stthomas.shtml] On Saint Croix, the system produced 0.49 inches (12 mm) of rain and peak wind gusts of 47 mph (76 km/h). There, minor flooding was reported. Moderate wind gusts downed small trees and branches in Saint Croix and Saint John, and some roads were damaged in Saint John, as well. Heavy rains and gusty winds caused power outages throughout the U.S. Virgin Islands. The passage of Tropical Storm Dean resulted in minor damage totaling to $20,000 (2001 USD, $24,400 2008 USD).cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|year=2001|title=Event Report for Virgin Islands|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~453963]

Tropical Storm Dean dropped heavy rainfall across Puerto Rico, peaking at 12.7 inches (322 mm) in Salinas. Winds were generally light across the island. The passage of Dean resulted in widespread flooding in eastern and southern Puerto Rico, collapsing two bridges and one road. Several highways were under water, and one car was swept away by the floodwaters. The four inside the vehicle were later rescued and unharmed. Throughout the island, about 1,320 houses were flooded, and two houses experienced collapsed roofs. The rains left various towns without power or water.cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|year=2001|title=Event Report for Puerto Rico|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~454073] By the night after the storm passed the island, more than 16,000 were without power, while almost 70,000 lacked potable water. Over 130 people were evacuated from low-lying areas to hurricane shelters.cite web|author=Associated Press|publishdate=2001-08-24|title=Storm Dean Weakens in Caribbean|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
] Two people were injured in Peñuelas, and three were injured in Nagüabo when the ceiling of a day care center collapsed, though no deaths occurred on the island. One airline canceled seventeen flights in and out of the island, and one cruise line was required to alter its path to both Dean and earlier due to Tropical Storm Chantal. Damage in Puerto Rico totaled to $7.7 million (2001 USD, $9.4 million 2008 USD), of which $2.1 million (2001 USD, $2.6 million 2008 USD) was from agricultural damage.

Bahamas, Bermuda, and Canada

Shortly after Dean formed, the government of the Bahamas issued a tropical storm warning for the southeastern Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The threat of the storm resulted in the cancellation of several flights in and out of Providenciales.cite web|author=Stormcarib.com|year=2001|title=Unofficial Reports from St. Thomas on Tropical Storm Dean|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.stormcarib.com/reports/2001/tci.shtml] When the storm weakened and ultimately dissipated, the warnings were canceled. As a result, effects on the Bahamas were minimal.

The remnants of Dean produced unsettled conditions across Bermuda, including a wind gust of 41 mph (66 km/h) and light rainfall of 0.31 inches (8 mm). The passage of Dean resulted in the coldest day of August 2001 on the island.cite web|author=Bermuda Weather Service|year=2001|title=Weather Summary for August 2001|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.weather.bm/data/2001-08.html]

Dean produced wind gusts peaking at 63 mph (103 km/h) in Newfoundland, along with rainfall up to 4.2 inches (107 mm) in eastern Newfoundland. On land, wave heights reached 30 feet (9.3 m), while a buoy offshore reported a peak wave height of 47 feet (14.4 m).

Lack of retirement

Because damage was not extreme, the name Dean was not retired after this year; however a different Hurricane Dean in 2007 was retired, and was replaced by Dorian for the 2013 season.cite web|author=Canadian Hurricane Centre|year=2001|title=2001 Tropical Cyclone Season Summary|accessdate=2006-11-07|url=http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/storm01.html]

ee also

* List of Atlantic hurricanes

References

External links

* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2001dean.html NHC Tropical Cyclone Report for Tropical Storm Dean]
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/DEAN.html NHC advisory archives for Tropical Storm Dean]