Speckled Mousebird

Speckled Mousebird
Bird in Kenya
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Coliiformes
Family:	Coliidae
Genus:	Colius
Species:	C. striatus
Binomial name
Colius striatus (Gmelin, 1789)

Subspecies C. s. leucotis (right), and C. s. affinis (left); illustration by Joseph Smit, 1892

Photographed at Bwindi NP, Uganda

The Speckled Mousebird (Colius striatus) is the largest species of mousebird, as well as one of the most common.

Description

This bird is about 35 cm (14 inches) long, with the tail comprising approximately half the length, and weighs about 57 grams (2 oz). It is well-named, because it is dull-mousy brown in overall color on the back and on the head (including a prominent crest). The bill is black on the upper part and is a pinkish color on the lower part. The rare White-headed Mousebird can be confused with this species, but the differently colored mandibles and the lack of a bare grey orbital patch render the Speckled species distinctive.

The Speckled Mousebird is not known for its voice, as songbirds are, although it is a noisy creature. They make a warbling tsu-tsu call while in flight, and are known for their tisk-tisk alarm call while in flight.

Range and habitat

It is distributed from Cameroon east to Eritrea and Ethiopia, south through eastern Africa to southern South Africa. Most habitats are suitable for this species, except the rainforests and more arid areas. This mousebird prefers open bushveld habitats. It is widespread in savanna and open woodlands, as well as areas with tangled thickets. It is a common "backyard bird", often seen in urban areas that contain gardens and orchards.

Ecology

The Speckled Mousebird is a frugivore which subsists on fruits, berries, leaves, seeds and nectar, and is fairly catholic in its choice of food from area to area.

These are conspicuously social birds, feeding together and engaging in mutual preening. They also accompany each other when they go to ground to dust bathe (also to occasionally to swallow pebbles to assist in grinding up vegetation as they digest it). Upon nightfall, they roost in very tight groups of 20 or so birds and on cold nights they can become torpid. Being in a torpid state could make them easy prey, but the large groups are apparently effective enough to deter most nocturnal predators.

Breeding

These creatures may breed at any time of the year. The nest is a large (for the bird) and untidy cup made of vegetable and animal material (sometimes including cloth and paper) and is constructed by both the male and female. The clutch can range anywhere from one to seven eggs (apparently based on latitude), but usually averages around 3 or 4. Nestlings are fed not only by both parents but also by helpers, which usually consist of juveniles from previous clutches. The incubation period is fourteen days and the offspring will leave the nest for the first time at about seventeen or eighteen days. After a little over a month, the nestlings will begin foraging for themselves.

References

• Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey and Warwick Tarboton, SASOL Birds of Southern Africa (Struik 2002) ISBN 1-86872-721-1

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