Erdington

infobox UK place
country = England
official_name= Erdington
latitude= 52.523611
longitude= -1.837778
map_type= West Midlands
population = 23,853 (2001 Population Census)
population_density = 4,910 per km²
metropolitan_borough= Birmingham
metropolitan_county= West Midlands
region= West Midlands
constituency_westminster= Birmingham Erdington
post_town= BIRMINGHAM
postcode_district = B23 and B24
postcode_area= B
dial_code= 0121
os_grid_reference=
Ambulance= West Midlands Ambulance Service

Erdington is an area five miles (8 km) northeast of Birmingham city centre, England. It is also a council constituency, managed by its own district committee. The formal council constituency the smaller ward of Erdington, and the wards of Tyburn (formerly Kingsbury), Stockland Green and Kingstanding, although most of both Kingstanding and Tyburn wards lies outside the historical boundaries of Erdington.

History

Erdington Manor

Erdington had its own manor house, Erdington Hall, which was protected on three sides by a double moat on the fourth by the River Tame. It had developed from a small fortified homestead constructed by an Anglo-Saxon named Eardwulf in the area of Bromford.cite book|author=Douglas V. Jones |title=The Story of Erdington - From Sleepy Hamlet to Thriving Suburb| year=1989 |publisher=Westwood Press |isbn=0-948025-05-0] Demolished in the 17th century, it stood on a hill at the junction of what is now Wheelwright Road and Tyburn Road. The double moat was drained in the 18th century by Sir Charles Holte. Up until 1912 stood another building which was demolished for the construction of the Tyburn Road, though a small section did remain until World War I.

Other moated properties included one at Fern Road, one at the junction of Moor End Lane and Berkswell Road, and another that surrounded a large farm called Pipe Orchard, the site of which can be seen in the Erdington Grammar School playing fields.

Middle Ages

Erdington developed as a village as a result of settlers travelling up the course of the River Tame from Tamworth in the 9th century. The settlers also established communities in what is now Minworth and Curdworth. It is also believed that the Roman track 'Ridgeway', now Chester Road, also provided a source of people looking to settle. Evidence to support this comes from the early nucleus of the village which was located a very short distance from the path.

The Earls of Mercia had possession of the village at the time of the Norman conquest. At this time, Edwin, grandson of Lady Godiva, owned the property and he resisted all attempts by the Normans to gain possession of Erdington. However, he failed and as a result was executed in 1071. The earldom was then passed to William I who placed the manor and village in the possession of William Fitz-Ansculf, a powerful baron of Norman heritage who lived at Dudley Castle. He then gave the manor to a man named Peter de Erdington. [cite book |author=William Hutton |authorlink=William Hutton (Birmingham historian) |title=The History of Birmingham |year=1836 |publisher=J. Guest]

Erdington was mentioned in the Domesday Book under the name Hardintone and was under the possession of Peter. It had arable land for six ploughs, a mill and five acres of meadows and woodland. It was valued at 30 shillings and was one mile (1.6 km) in length and half a mile in breadth.

As a result of Erdington's close proximity to Sutton Coldfield and more precisely, Sutton Forest, strict Norman laws were placed upon the village forbidding the hunting of wild animals and the keeping of sheep, as a result of Norman beliefs. However, tenants were permitted an allowance of timber from the forest, though, with limitations to protect royal game. Erdington remained within the precincts of Sutton Forest until 1126, when Henry I exchanged the Manor of Sutton, with forest, for two manors in Rutland belonging to Roger, Earl of Warwick. The forest became a chase and the laws placed on the woodland were relaxed.

The mill mentioned in the Domesday Book was located in Bromford, where it stood close to the manor house at a loop in the river, at which a straight channel was cut to facilitate the milling of corn. The mill was owned by the lord of the manor and the tenants were obliged to grind their corn there. Erdington was connected to Bromford via Bromford Lane, which still exists today in the midst of a 1960s council estate.

In the 15th century, a chapel was constructed on the side of the manor house for the residents of Erdington. However, attendance was low and the chapel fell into decay. The residents were then urged to travel to the parish church in Aston, however, again the attendance was low. A south aisle was therefore added to the church and became known as the Erdington chantry.

The Black Death plague affected Erdington severely as indicated by the 14th century local records. Henry de Pipe, owner of the Manor of Pipe (now Pype Hayes Hall), suffered the loss of all but one child and his wife. Henry married another woman, Maud, who was the daughter of George de Castello of Castle Bromwich. However, after soon discovering that she was pregnant with a child conceived with another man, he died.

Tudor period

It was around the 1500s in which the area of Gravelly Hill began to become mentioned in documents. John Leland described the area as being "by sandy ground, better wooded than fertile of wheat... the soil is sandy and good for conyes." This indicates that the area had a big population of rabbits (conyes) and it is known that it remained as a rabbet warren for a while as it was deemed unsuitable for cultivation. At the foot of Gravelly Hill was the River Tame which was spanned by Salford Bridge. Salford Bridge was first mentioned as Shrafford Brugge during the reign of Henry III. It was originally a footbridge, however, in 1810, it was improved for the crossing of vehicles. The word Shrafford was of Saxon origin meaning "the ford by the caves". These caves were cavities in the nearby Copeley escarpment. The caves were artificially enlarged and survived World War II. During the war, they were converted into air raid shelters. After the war they were completely destroyed for the construction of the Gravelly Hill Interchange.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, new families resided at Erdington Hall. The Dymock's moved in and were a prominent family, with several members being knights. However, their strict rule which consisted of unpopular manorial laws made them unpopular amongst the residents of Erdington.

English Civil War

As the English Civil War erupted, Erdington was expanding rapidly through the purchase of land for agricultural purposes. In 1643, Birmingham was plundered by the Royalists. After his victory in Birmingham, Prince Rupert passed through Erdington and Sutton Coldfield with his troops on their way to Lichfield.

18th and 19th centuries

In 1759, a turnpike act was passed for the Chester Road and another act was passed in 1807 for a road that passed through Erdington village from Birmingham. This resulted in Erdington being a stop-off location for stage coaches which passed along the Chester Road to Chester from London. In 1783, the Birmingham-Fazeley Canal was completed. It passed along the southern boundary of Erdington at Tyburn. Planning requests included that the canal should not pass within 500 metres of Pype Hayes Hall.

By the mid-1700s, Erdington had a population of under 700 and within its boundaries were 52 roads, one forge, 40 farms, 96 cottages, two smithies and a shop. By 1832, it had a population of 2,000.

Erdington broke from Aston in 1894 to become an urban district. Administrative offices were established at the Rookery on Kingsbury Road, which have since become Rookery Park. In 1911, the urban district council of Erdington and that of Aston Manor were absorbed into the growing city of Birmingham.

Erdington shopping centre formed the core of the area with most of the older housing being located close to it. The railway alongside also attracted the development of many Victorian and Edwardian houses.

Etymology

Though referred to as "Hardintone" in the Domesday Book, it is widely accepted that the name comes from a reference to a fortified homestead established by Eardwulf in Anglo Saxon times, with 'ton' or 'tun' being an Anglo-Saxon suffix for a settlement of that period. This homestead developed into a large house in the area of Bromford and became Erdington Hall.

However the name "Yenton" also applies to the possible corruption of "Yerdington", an enclosure, which could apply to a moated homestead.

Places of interest and facilities

The Spaghetti Junction is situated on the southern edge of the district and on the border of Aston and Gravelly Hill. It incorporates Salford Bridge, which was mentioned in a deed in 1490.

Erdington is served by [http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/erdingtonlibrary Erdington Library] , which was opened in 1907 as a Carnegie library. The Erdington Historical Society meets at the Library on the second Monday of every month. Josiah Mason College is a college for adult education and is part of Sutton Coldfield College.

Fort Dunlop, former home of Dunlop Rubber, is a relic of Erdington's industrial past. It was redeveloped from 2005 to 2006 by Urban Splash into offices and a leisure facility. Nearby is The Fort Shopping Centre. The area surrounding Fort Dunlop is used by logistics companies and also features showrooms operated by several car manufacturers, including Birmingham's only Lamborghini dealership.

The main shopping area for Erdington is Erdington town centre. It consists of Erdington High Street which is the main focus of the shopping centre. There is also a market located on Barnabas Road and another market, Wilton Market, on Sutton New Road. Erdington town centre is now a Business Improvement District. [ [http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=101039&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=14823&EXPAND=12688 Birmingham.gov.uk: Erdington Business Improvement District] ] Also on the High Street is Erdington Parish Church, and nearby on Sutton Road is The Abbey Church. The Parish Church was severely damaged by fire on the morning of 4 October 2007. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/7027313.stm BBC News story about fire] ] Also nearby, on Mason Road, is Erdington Baths which were constructed by the Birmingham Baths Committee.

Pype Hayes Park and Pype Hayes Hall, the former home of the Baggot family, are located in the northern area of the district at the border with Walmley. The "Old Green Man" on Bromford Lane (now known as the "Lad in the Lane") is one of the oldest public houses in Birmingham.

Highcroft Hall

Erdington is served by the Good Hope Hospital in neighbouring Sutton Coldfield. Erdington is also served by the John Taylor Hospice and by Highcroft Hospital. Highcroft Hospital was a former Poor Law institution, then a Psychiatric hospital. There was a social stigma to being treated there. Other large psychiatric institutions in Birmingham have been broken up. [ [http://www.base-library.nhs.uk/mentalhealth/downloads/bulletins/HISTORY%20OF%20HIGHCROFT%20HOSPITAL.ppt History of Highcroft Hospital] (.ppt file)] Some of the old Highcroft Hospital grounds have been used for new housing. The main hospital itself has been renovated into luxury apartments and has been named Highcroft Hall. Highcroft Hall was built between 1869 and 1871 by Victorian architect Yeoville Thomason.

The building, sanctioned by the Poor Law Board, was originally a workhouse providing housing to paupers, idiots, tramps, seniles, lunatics and imbeciles (terms used at the time with distinctive definitions).

The building was originally named the "Aston Union Workhouse" although it has been renamed over the years to "Erdington House" (1912 - following the City boundary changes), "Highcroft Hall Hospital" (1942) and was more commonly referred to in later years as just "Highcroft Hospital".

Over the years, the hospital has generally provided care for the mentally ill. In 1994, the hospital became part of the Northern Birmingham Mental Health NHS Trust. During the following two years, the facilities were gradually rehoused in more modern units nearby and in 1996, the building was declared closed.

The site was derelict for the subsequent eight years, before being refurbished by property developers in 2004-2006.

Lyndhurst estate

On the Sutton Road, numbers 44-108 were demolished in 1957 for the construction of the Lyndhurst Estate. Number 44 was retained as it was an old building considered to be of interest. The demolished houses were detached post 1840 Victorian villas. [cite book|author=Frank E. Joyce|title=Metropolitan Development and Change: West Midlands - A Policy Review|year=1977|publisher=University of Aston in Birmingham with Teakfield Ltd for the British Society for the Advancement of Science|isbn=0566001934] Constructed on the site was six tower blocks and numerous low rise maisonettes. The tallest of these, Harlech Tower, was 16 storeys and at the time it was the tallest tower block in Birmingham, though many taller blocks were later built. In 1961, the estate won the Civic Award for Housing for the retention of the original trees from the villas and the architectural qualities of the tower blocks which included an exposed concrete frame, a sweeping staircase and a false upper storey to hide the laundry facilities on the roof. [" [http://www.gees.bham.ac.uk/research/cpp/membersfiles/phil/biggerbetter.pdf Bigger is Better? Local authority housing and the strange attraction of high-rise, 1945-70] ", Phil Jones - Urban Morphology Research Group, University of Birmingham, 2002]

The Lyndhurst estate is now the focus of a redevelopment scheme in Erdington. The low rise maisonettes will be demolished as well as Harlech and Burcombe Towers. Modern residential properties will be built on the site and the money raised from this will be used to refurbish the remaining tower blocks.

Geography

Erdington itself borders the traditionally working class areas of Aston, Perry Barr and Hodge Hill, and the affluent and spacious districts of Sutton Coldfield, Minworth, Castle Bromwich and Water Orton (North Warwickshire). It is located approximately five miles north east of Birmingham City Centre.

The borders of Erdington are:
* Boldmere via the Chester Road
* Stockland Green which borders with Witton at the end of Marsh Hill. (Erdington claims Witton Lakes they border Erdington along with Wyrley Birch to separate it from Kingstanding)
* The Yenton and Chester Road form the border from Wylde Green
* Following Chester Road down all the way to the Tyburn House Public House would end the Erdington constituency as Castle Vale (formerly Castle Bromwich and the Aerodrome) is further down
* New Oscott past Oscott College
* Walmley (Eachelhurst Road)
* Moving back would be the Tyburn road which intersects Kingsbury Road and leads right back to Spaghetti junction on the border of Aston & Gravelly Hill.
* Minworth at the North Eastern end of Kingsbury Road heading towards Kingsbury Village and the Warwickshire border.

Erdington also includes Pype Hayes. This was formerly a working class area of Council Houses built between World War I and World War II. These houses had to be demolished due to problems with the concrete used in their construction. Pype Hayes is now an area with modern houses, some are owner occupied, others belong to Housing associations. One tower block, Sorrel House, was retained and refurbished.

Brookvale Park Lake and surrounding land is a park that was formally a drinking water reservoir until the steadily encroaching city made the water unfit for human consumption. It was briefly converted into an outdoor pool until that was also abandoned after health and safety concerns.

Demographics

At the time of the 2001 Population Census there were 22,626 Yentonians, as residents of Erdington are traditionally known. The term, "Yentonian" is hardly known or used in 21st century Erdington. The area where Chester Road crosses Birmingham Road and Sutton Road is called "The Yenton". The area had a population density of 50.7 people per hectare and the ward covers an area of 446.2 hectares. Erdington had a slightly higher proportion of females, at 52%, to males. This followed the city trend as 51.6% of the population of Birmingham are females. 98.6% of the population of Erdington lived in households whilst the remaining 1.4% lived in communal establishments. This is 0.3% above and 0.3% below the city average, respectively. There were a total of 10,547 households in Erdington, producing an average of 2.2 persons per household. This is below the city average of 2.5 and national average of 2.4. 63.4% of the households are owner occupied, above the city average of 60.4%. The local authority rented out 19.2% of the population. 5.8% of the households were rented from housing associations and 8% were rented privately. 459 of households were vacant, which accounted for 4.4% of the total number of houses in Erdington. The most common housing type was semi-detached properties, whilst purpose built blocks of flats were the second most common.cite web |url=http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/Media?MEDIA_ID=157293 |title=Ward Profiles |publisher=Birmingham City Council |pages=37-40 |accessdate=2008-06-06 |year=2005 |month=November |format=pdf]

The age patterns of Erdington are very similar to that of the England. 29.7% of the residents were in the 25-44 age bracket, above the city average of 28.3% and the nationwide average of 29.3%. 19% of residents were of a pensionable age, above the city average of 16.7%. 60% of the population were of a working age (16-65 years of age), above the city average of 59.8% but below the national average of 61.5%.

Erdington is a relatively ethnically diverse area. 8.9% of the population were born outside of the country, below the city average of 16.5% and national average of 9.3%. 89% of the population are white, well above the city average of 70.4% and below the national average of 90.9%. Black ethnic groups were the second largest in Erdington, representing 3.9% of the population. 3.8% were from Asian ethnic groups and 2.8% were from mixed ethnic backgrounds. The remaining 0.5% were from Chinese and other ethnic groups. More specifically, the British White ethnic group represented 81.7% of the population and the Irish White represented 6%. 3.2% of the population were of Black Caribbean descent and 1.8% were of Indian descent.

71.% of the population of Erdington stated themselves as Christians, the same figure for the rest of the country although higher than the Birmingham average of 59.1%. 14.9% of the population stated that they were of no religion. Muslims represented only 2.2% of the population, below the Birmingham average of 14.3%.

Erdington had an unemployment rate of 8.1%, below the city rate of 9.5% but above the national average of 5%. 65.5% of the population were economically active. Of the economically inactive, 36.2% were retired and 10.7% were students. 33% were long term unemployed and 9.9% had never worked. Of the economically active, 17.5% worked in the Manufacturing sector. The largest employers in the area were the Education Department of Birmingham City Council, Colliers Peugeot dealers and Cincinnati Machine (UK) Ltd. all of which employed 200 people between them. [cite web |url=http://www.birminghameconomy.org.uk/download/profiles/wards/warderd.pdf |title=Erdington |publisher=Birmingham Economy |accessdate=2008-06-06 |format=pdf]

Erdington's best known resident was Josiah Mason, the philanthropist whose bust now stands at the centre of the roundabout at the junction of Chester Road and Orphanage Road, so named because he founded an Orphanage there in 1860.

Transport

Erdington railway station is on the Cross-City Line. [ [http://www.railaroundbirmingham.co.uk/Stations/erdington.php Rail Around Birmingham: Erdington Station] ] Chester Road station, the next station on the same line, lies on the Sutton Coldfield border, with Gravelly Hill station being located towards the south of the district.

Important roads that access the area include A38 (Birmingham to Derby road), A5127 (Gravelly Hill) and the A47 Spine Road.

In the southern area of the district is the Birmingham Fazeley Canal which helped develop that area as a major employment sector. The River Tame added to this and with the introduction of the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway, the area became a prominent industrial area.

Politics

Erdington has long been dominated by the Labour Party. There was much surprise when Conservative Robert Alden won a seat in Erdington ward de-seating the Labour candidate Susannah McCory in 2006. Again in 2007, McCory lost to the Conservatives, this time to Gareth Compton whom replaced the retiring long serving Labour councillor Renee Spector. The other seat in the ward was won, again by the Conservatives, by Bob Beuchamp, an Erdington garage owner.

:Candidate Elected - Bob Beauchamp:Majority - 1,491

Birmingham Erdington is a constituency, its Member of Parliament is Siôn Simon. In addition to Erdington, the constituency includes the wards of Kingstanding, Stockland Green and Tyburn all outside the traditional Erdington boundaries.

Erdington has adopted a Ward Support Officer with the current holder of the title being Alison Nicholls.

port

Erdington boasts two cricket teams in its Ward; Highcroft and Great Barr Unity (formed in 2003 following the merge of Highcroft Cricket Club and Great Barr Cricket Club) [ [http://www.hgbu.co.uk/about_us.htm Highcroft and Great Barr Unity Cricket Club: About us] ] and Erdington Court. [ [http://www.erdingtoncourt.co.uk/index.php Erdington Court] ]

Culture and music

It was formerly home to the famous rock music venue, Mothers (previously the Carlton Ballroom), which from 1968 until it closed in 1971 played host to bands such as Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin and The Who. [ [http://www.erdington.org/mothers/ Mothers in Erdington] ] The resident band were Erdington locals The Moody Blues and the DJ was John Peel. The club was located opposite St Barnabus Church on the High Street above a furniture store. Local Erdington artists included The Moody Blues and Steve Winwood.

References

* [http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=2462&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=10279 The History of Erdington]
* [http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=2470&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=260 Erdington Historical Society]

Further reading

*cite book|author=Douglas V. Jones|title=The Story of Erdington|year=1985|publisher=BIGinINK Ltd|isbn=0948025050
*cite book|author=Mike Green|title=Erdington, Birmingham|year=1991|publisher=Stylus Pubns.|isbn=1856201627

External links

*gbmapping|SP109918
* [http://www.erdington.org/ Erdington Online]
* [http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/erdington Birmingham City Council: Erdington Constituency]
* [http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/erdingtonward Birmingham City Council: Erdington Ward]
* [http://www.bcen.net/erdington Erdington Community Network]
* [http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/erdingtonlibrary Erdington library]
* [http://www.virtualbrum.co.uk/erdington.htm Photographs of Erdington]