Ap180

AP180 is a protein that plays an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. It is capable of simultaneously binding both membrane lipids (via an ANTH domain) and clathrin and is therefore thought to recruit clathrin to the membrane of newly invaginating vesicles. In "Drosophila melanogaster" (fruit flies), deletion of the AP180 homologue, leads to enlarged but much fewer vesicles and an overall decrease in transmitter release [cite journal |author=Bao H, Daniels RW, MacLeod GT, Charlton MP, Atwood HL, Zhang B |title=AP180 maintains the distribution of synaptic and vesicle proteins in the nerve terminal and indirectly regulates the efficacy of Ca2+-triggered exocytosis |journal=J. Neurophysiol. |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=1888–903 |year=2005 |pmid=15888532 |doi=10.1152/jn.00080.2005] . In "D. melanogaster" it was also shown that AP180 is also required for either recycling vesicle proteins and/or maintaining the distribution of both vesicle and synaptic proteins in the nerve terminal. A ubiquitous form of the protein in mammals, CALM, (Clathrin-assembly lymphoid myeloid leukaemia protein) is named after its association with myeloid and lymphoid leukemias where some translocations map to this gene. The C-terminus of AP180 is a powerful and specific inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

More information is found on [http://www.endocytosis.org/AP180/AP180.html endocytosis.org] .

ee also

* Amphiphysin
* Epsin

Notes

2. cite journal |author=Zhang B, Koh YH, Beckstead RB, Budnik V, Ganetzky B, Bellen HJ |title=Synaptic vesicle size and number are regulated by a clathrin adaptor protein required for endocytosis |journal=Neuron |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=1465–75 |year=1998 |month=December |pmid=9883738 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896-6273(00)80664-9

3. cite journal |author=Nonet ML, Holgado AM, Brewer F, "et al" |title=UNC-11, a Caenorhabditis elegans AP180 homologue, regulates the size and protein composition of synaptic vesicles |journal=Mol. Biol. Cell |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=2343–60 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10397769 |doi= |url=http://www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10397769

References

*cite journal |author=Ford MG, Pearse BM, Higgins MK, "et al" |title=Simultaneous binding of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and clathrin by AP180 in the nucleation of clathrin lattices on membranes |journal=Science |volume=291 |issue=5506 |pages=1051–5 |year=2001 |pmid=11161218 |doi=10.1126/science.291.5506.1051

*Mcite journal |author=Mao Y, Chen J, Maynard JA, Zhang B, Quiocho FA |title=A novel all helix fold of the AP180 amino-terminal domain for phosphoinositide binding and clathrin assembly in synaptic vesicle endocytosis |journal=Cell |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=433–40 |year=2001 |month=February |pmid=11239400 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092-8674(01)00230-6