Publishing houses in the Soviet Union

Publishing houses in the Soviet Union, with the exception of the brief initial period and the period of perestroika before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, were state enterprises under strict ideological control and censorship for the compliance with the communist ideology under the guidelines of the CPSU.

Centralization

On August 8, 1930 RSFSR Sovnarkom established the state publishing monopoly, OGIZ (ОГИЗ, Объединение государственных книжно-журнальных издательств, Union of the State Book and Magazine Publishers), subordinated to Sovnarkom. Its core was Gosizdat. Other union republics followd the pattern.

During the era of centralization the names of the most of them contained the acronym "гиз" ("giz") standing for "государственное издательство" (gosudarstvennoye izdatelstvo, i.e., "State Publisher", S.P.).

List

Early publishers

As of January 1, 1930, there were 995 publishers in RSFSR only.^[1]

• «Новая Москва»
• «Долой неграмотность»
• «Прибой»

Period of centralization

• Gosizdat (Госиздат)
• «Земля и фабрика»
• «Московский рабочий»
• «Молодая гвардия»
• «Советская энциклопедия»
• «Работник просвещения»
• Госмедиздат
• Госюриздат
• Госсельхозиздат
• Госхимиздат
• «Безбожник»
• «Academia»
• «Федерация»
• Центроиздат,
• Издательство АН СССР
• Издательство Коммунистической академии
• Издательство НКВД
• Издательство Осоавиахима

• OGIZ
  • Detgiz (Детгиз) - stands for "S.P. for children literature"
  • Sotsekgiz (Соцэкгиз, Изд-во социально-экономической литературы, Publisher for Social-Economical Literature) -
    • Renamed into Государственное издательство экономической литературы, S.P. for Economical Literature
  • Uchpedgiz (Учпедгиз) - stands for "S.P. for student's and pedagogical literature"
  • Масспартгиз
  • Gostekhizdat Гостехиздат
  • Сельколхозгиз
  • Медиздат
  • Государственное издательство художественной литературы - ГИХЛ
  • Юндетиздат
  • Военгиз
  • Музгиз
  • Юриздат
  • Изогиз
  • Словарно-энциклопедическое издательство
  • Гострансиздат
  • Снабкоопгиз
  • Физкультура и туризм
• Издательство партийной литературы (Партиздат)
  • Renamed into Госполитиздат

• Nauka (Наука) - for science
• Progress Publishers (Издательство "Прогресс")
• Mir Publishers (Издательство "Мир")

• Spin-offs of Gostekhizdat
  • Государственное научно-техническое издательство Наркомтяжпрома (ГНТИ НКТП), later decentralized into the Объединение научно-технических издательств (ОНТИ) that included:
    • Техтеоретиздат
    • Машметиздат
    • Химтехиздат
    • Энергоиздат
    • Стройиздат
    • etc.
  • Гизлегпром
  • Гослестехиздат

Perestroika publishers

List of printing houses

• «Полиграфкнига»
• «Полиграф»

References

1. ^ Creation of the Centralized System of Book Printing in the USSR, from "The History of the Book, a Textbook for Higher Educational Institutions" ("История книги: Учебник для вузов" / Под ред. Говорова А.А., Куприяновой Т.Г.), Moscow, Svetoton (Светотон), 2001, ISBN 5-7419-0040-2 (Russian)

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