List of state leaders in 1985

Africa

* Algeria -
**President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979-1992)
**Prime Minister - Abdelhamid Brahimi, Prime Minister of Algeria (1984-1988)
* Angola - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (10 September 1979-present)
* Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972-1991)
* Botswana - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)
* Burkina Faso - Thomas Sankara, President of Burkina Faso (1983-1987)
* Burundi - Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President of Burundi (1976-1987)
* Cape Verde
** President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
** Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
* Comoros - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978-1989)
* Côte d'Ivoire - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1993)
* Djibouti -
** President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
** Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
* Equatorial Guinea
** President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
** Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982-1992)
* Ethiopia - Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairmen of the Provisional Military Administrative Council (1977-1987), President of Ethiopia (1987-1991).
* Gabon
**President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)
**Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975-1994)
* The Gambia - Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970-1994)
* Guinea - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-present)
* Kenya - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
* Liberia - Samuel K. Doe, President of Liberia (1980-1990)
* Malawi - Hastings Kamuzu Banda, President of Malawi (1966-1994)
* Mali - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1968-1991)
* Mauritania
** President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984-2005)
** Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984-1992)
* Mauritius
** Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968-1992)
** Governor-General -
**# Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Governor-General of Mauritius (1983-1985)
**# Cassam Moollan, Governor-General of Mauritius (1985-1986)
** Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982-1995)
* Morocco -
** Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
** Prime Minister - Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime Minister of Morocco (1983–1986)
*Mozambique - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (1975–1986)
* Nigeria
** President -
**# Muhammadu Buhari, President of Nigeria (1983-1985)
**# Ibrahim Babangida, President of Nigeria (1985-1993)
* Rwanda - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)
*São Tomé and Príncipe - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975-1991)
* Senegal
** President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
* Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
* Somalia - Muhammad Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969-1991)
* Swaziland
** Monarch - Queen Ntombi, (1983-1986)
** Prime Minister - Prince Bhekimpi Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1983-1986)
* Togo - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
* Uganda
**President -
*# Milton Obote, President of Uganda (1966-1971, 1980-1985)
*# Bazilio Olara-Okello, Chairman of the military council (1985)
*# Tito Okello, Chairman of the military council (1985-1986)
**Prime Minister -
*# Otema Alimadi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1980-1985)
*# Paulo Muwanga, Prime Minister of Uganda (1985)
*# Abraham Waligo, Prime Minister of Uganda (1985-1986)
* Zambia
**President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964-1991)
**Prime Minister -
**# Nalumino Mundia, Prime Minister of Zambia (1981-1985)
**# Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (1985-1989)
* Zimbabwe
**President - Canaan Banana, President of Zimbabwe (1980-1987)
**Prime Minister - Robert Mugabe, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980-1987)

Asia

* Afghanistan -
**President - Babrak Karmal, President of Afghanistan (1979-1986)
**Prime Minister - Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981-1988)
* Bangladesh -
**President - Hossain Mohammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983–1990)
**Prime Minister - Ataur Rahman Khan, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1984–1986)
* Brunei
**Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
**Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
*People's Republic of China -
** President - Li Xiannian, President of the People's Republic of China (1983-1988)
** Premier - Zhao Ziyang, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1980-1987)
** Head of Communist Party - Hu Yaobang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1980-1987)
** "De facto" leader - Deng Xiaoping (late 1970s - early 1990s)
* India -
**President - Zail Singh, President of India (1982-1987)
**Prime Minister - Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1984-1989)
*Indonesia - Haji Mohammad Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
* Iran
** Supreme Leader - Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–1989)
** President - Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981–1989)
** Prime Minister - Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981–1989)
* Japan -
**Monarch - Showa Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1926-1989)
**Prime Minister - Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister of Japan (1982-1987)
* Republic of Korea -
**President - Chun Doo-hwan, President of the Republic of Korea (1980-1988)
**Prime Minister -
**# Shin Byong-hyun, Acting Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1984-1985)
**# Lho Shin-yong, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1985-1987)
*Nepal
**Monarch - Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
**Prime Minister - Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime Minister of Nepal (1983-1986)
* Pakistan -
**President - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978-1988)
**Prime Minister -
**# Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Chief Martial Law Administrator (1977-1985)
**# Muhammad Khan Junejo, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1985-1988)
*The Philippines
**President - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965–1986)
**Prime Minister - Cesar Virata, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1981-1986)
* Singapore -
**President -
**#C. V. Devan Nair, President of Singapore (1981-1985)
**#Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985-1993)
**Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959-1990)
* Taiwan (Republic of China) -
** President - Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (1978-1988)
** Premier - Yü Kuo-hwa, President of the Executive Yuan (1984-1989)
* Thailand -
**King - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946-present)
**Prime Minister - Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime Minister of Thailand (1980-1988)

Australia and Oceania

* Australia
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
**Governor-General - Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982-1989)
**Prime Minister - Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983-1991)
*Federated States of Micronesia - Tosiwo Nakayama, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1979–1987)
*Kiribati - Ieremia Tabai, President of Kiribati (1983–1991)
*Nauru - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1978-1986)
*New Zealand
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
**Governor-General -
**#Sir David Beattie, Governor-General of New Zealand (1980-1985)
**#Paul Reeves, Governor-General of New Zealand (1985-1990)
**Prime Minister - David Lange, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1984-1989)
*Solomon Islands -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
**Governor-General - Baddeley Devesi, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1978–1988)
**Prime Minister - Peter Kenilorea, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1984–1986)
* Tonga
** Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965 – 2006)
** Prime Minister - Tu'i Pelehake (Fatafehi), Prime Minister of Tonga, (1965 – 1991)
* Tuvalu
** Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
** Governor-General - Fiatau Penitala Teo, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1978-1986)
** Prime Minister - Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981-1989)
*Vanuatu -
**President - George Kalkoa, President of Vanuatu (1984–1989)
**Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1980–1991)

Europe

* Albania -
**First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor -
**#Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944-1985)
**#Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985-1991)
**Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982-1991)
**Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1982-1991)
* Andorra -
**Co-Princes -
***François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
***Joan Martí Alanis, Bishop of Urgel (1971-2003)
**Head of Government - Josep Pintat-Solans, Head of Government of Andorra (1984-1990)
*Austria -
**President - Rudolf Kirchschläger, President of Austria (1974–1986)
**Chancellor - Fred Sinowatz, Chancellor of Austria (1983–1986)
* Belgium
**Monarch - Baldwin I, King of the Belgians (1951-1993)
**Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981-1992)
* Denmark
** Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
** Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982-1993)
* Finland
**President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland, (1982-1994)
**Prime Minister - Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland, (1972-1975, 1977-1979, 1982-1987)
* France -
**President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
**Prime Minister - Laurent Fabius, Prime Minister of France (1984-1986)
* East Germany (German Democratic Republic) -
**Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971-1989)
**Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State (1976-1989)
**Premier - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1976-1989)
* West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) -
**President - Richard von Weizsäcker, President of the Federal Republic of Germany (1984-1994)
**Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1982-1998)
* Ireland
**President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976-1990)
**Prime Minister - Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach (1982-1987)
* Italy -
**President -
**# Sandro Pertini, President of the Italian Republic (1978-1985)
**# Francesco Cossiga, President of the Italian Republic (1985-1992)
**Prime Minister - Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (1983-1987)
* Liechtenstein
**Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938-1989)
**Regent - Prince Hans-Adam, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984-1989)
**Head of Government - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government (1978-1993)
* Luxembourg
**Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
**Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984-1995)
* Malta
**President - Agatha Barbara, President of Malta (1982-1987)
**Prime Minister - Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, Prime Minister of Malta (1984-1987)
* Monaco
**Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-2005)
**Head of Government -
**#Jean Herly, Minister of State of Monaco (1981-1985)
**#Jean Ausseil, Minister of State of Monaco (1985-1991)
* Netherlands
**Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980-present)
**Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982-1994)
* Norway
** Monarch - King Olav V, (1957-1991)
** Prime Minister - Kåre Willoch, Prime Minister of Norway (1981-1986)
* Poland -
**Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1981-1989)
**Head of State - Council of State, Chairman -
**# Henryk Jabłoński (1972-1985)
**# Wojciech Jaruzelski (1985-1989)
**Premier -
**# Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of the Council of Ministers (1981-1985)
**# Zbigniew Messner, President of the Council of Ministers (1985-1988)
* Portugal -
**President - António Ramalho Eanes, President of Portugal (1976-1986)
**Prime Minister -
**#Mário Soares, Prime Minister of Portugal (1983-1985)
**#Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985-1995)
* Spain -
**Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975-present)
**Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government (1982-1996)
* Sweden -
**Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
**Prime Minister - Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (1982-1986)
* Switzerland -
**Swiss Federal Council - Kurt Furgler, Pierre Aubert, Leon Schlumpf, Alphons Egli, Otto Stich, Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, Elisabeth Kopp; members of the Swiss Federal Council; members of the Swiss Federal Council
* Turkey -
**President - Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1982-1989)
**Prime Minister - Turgut Özal, Prime Minister of Turkey (1983-1989)
* United Kingdom -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
**Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)
* Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
**Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet -
**# Konstantin Chernenko, (1984-1985)
**# Vasily Kuznetsov (Acting), (1985)
**# Andrei Gromyko, (1985-1988)
**CPSU Secretary General -
**# Konstantin Chernenko, (1984-1985)
**# Mikhail Gorbachev, (1985-1991)
*Vatican City
** Pope - John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978-2005)
** Secretary of State - Agostino Cardinal Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979-1990)

Middle East

* Egypt -
**President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981-present)
**# Kamal Hassan Ali, Prime Minister of Egypt (1984-1985)
**# Ali Lutfi, Prime Minister of Egypt (1985-1986)
* Israel
**President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-1993)
**Prime Minister - Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel (1984-1986)
* Oman - Qaboos Bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1970-)
* People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
** President - Ali Nasir Mohammed, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council (1980-1986)
** Prime Minister - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1971-1986)
* Yemen Arab Republic
** President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978-1990)
** Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic (1983-1990)

North America and the Caribbean

*Antigua and Barbuda -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
**Governor-General - Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–1993)
**Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–1994)
*Bahamas -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
**Governor-General - Gerald Cash, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979–1988)
**Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1973–1992)
*Barbados -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
**Governor-General - Hugh Springer, Governor-General of Barbados (1984–1990)
**Prime Minister -
**#John Michael Geoffrey Manningham Adams, Prime Minister of Barbados (1976–1985)
**#Harold Bernard St. John, Prime Minister of Barbados (1985–1986)
*Belize -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
**Governor-General - Elmira Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
**Prime Minister - Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1984–1989)
*Canada
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
**Governor General - Jeanne Sauvé, Governor General of Canada (1984-1990)
**Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)
**For more see 1985 Canadian incumbents
*Costa Rica - Luis Alberto Monge, President of Costa Rica (1982–1986)
* Cuba - Fidel Castro, President of Cuba (1976-2008)
*Dominica -
**President - Clarence Augustus Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
**Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
*Dominican Republic - Salvador Jorge Blanco, President of the Dominican Republic (1982–1986)
* El Salvador - José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984–1989)
*Haiti - Jean-Claude Duvalier, President of Haiti (1971-1986)
* Trinidad and Tobago -
**President - Ellis Clarke, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1976-1987)
**Prime Minister - George Chambers, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1981-1986)
* United States - Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981-1989)

outh America

* Argentina - Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina (1983-1989)
* Bolivia -
*#Hernán Siles Zuazo, President of Bolivia (1982-1985)
*#Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1985-1989)
* Brazil -
*#João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo, President of Brazil (1979-1985)
*#José Sarney, President of Brazil (1985-1990)
* Chile - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1973-1990)
* Colombia - Belisario Betancur, President of Colombia (1982-1986)
* Ecuador - León Febres Cordero, President of Ecuador (1984-1988)
* Guyana -
**President -
*#Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (1980-1985)
*#Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985-1992)
**Prime Minister -
*#Desmond Hoyte, Prime Minister of Guyana (1984-1985)
*#Hamilton Green, Prime Minister of Guyana (1985-1992)
* Paraguay - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954-1989)
* Peru -
*#Fernando Belaúnde Terry, President of Peru (1980-1985)
*#Alan García Pérez, President of Peru (1985-1990)
* Suriname -
**President - Ramdat Misier, President of Suriname (1982-1988)
**Prime Minister - Wim Udenhout, Prime Minister of Suriname (1984-1986)
* Uruguay -
*#Gregorio Conrado Álvarez, President of Uruguay (1981-1985)
*#Rafael Addiego Bruno, President of Uruguay (1985)
*#Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1985-1990)
* Venezuela - Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (1984-1989)