Daubigny's Garden

Daubigny's Garden

Artist	Vincent van Gogh
Year	1890
Type	Oil on canvas
Dimensions	56 cm × 101 cm (22 in × 39.8 in)
Location	Kunstmuseum Basel, Basel

Daubigny's Garden

Artist	Vincent van Gogh
Year	1890
Type	Oil on canvas
Dimensions	56 cm × 101 cm (22 in × 39.8 in)
Location	Hiroshima Museum of Art, Hiroshima

Daubigny's Garden, painted three times by Vincent van Gogh, depicts the garden of the late Charles-François Daubigny, a painter whom Van Gogh admired throughout his life.

Van Gogh started with a small study of a section of the garden. Then he worked on two double-square paintings of the full enclosed garden. The paintings were made in Auvers between May 1890 and July 1890, during the last few months of his life. All three paintings are titled Daubigny's Garden and are distinguished by the museums they reside in: Kunstmuseum Basel, Hiroshima Museum of Art and Van Gogh Museum.

Charles-François Daubigny

Charles-François Daubigny was a French artist who had been trained by his father. Van Gogh greatly admired Daubigny, a landscape artist associated with the Barbizon school who painted river and coastal scenes. Daubigny was born in Paris in 1817 and moved to Auvers-sur-Oise in 1860.^[1] In 1878 Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo that he was very sad to hear the news that Daubigny had died because his work touched him very deeply, "A work that is good may not last forever, but the thought expressed by it will, and the work itself will surely survive for a very long time, and those who come later can do no more than follow in the footsteps of such predecessors and copy their example."^[2]

When Van Gogh came to Auvers in 1890 Daubigny's widow still occupied their house. He painted Daubigny's garden three times: twice with the entire enclosed garden on double-square canvas and an earlier study of a portion of the garden.^[1]

Auvers-sur-Oise

The pastoral Auvers-sur-Oise region of hills, fields, gardens and cottages attracted artists to it and the surrounding area. Starting in 1850 a railroad line facilitated travel from Auvers from Paris. Artists who came to the area to paint included the Impressionists Armand Guillaumin, Camille Pissarro and Paul Cézanne.^[1][3]

In May 1890 Van Gogh left Saint-Rémy for Auvers where it provided a quieter life than that of Paris, but was still near his brother Theo for visits. In Auvers he was under the care of Paul Gachet, a homeopathic physician, who advised Van Gogh to not worry about his illness and focus on his painting. Gachet, an amateur painter, became a good friend. To Theo he described Gachet as "something like another brother."^[4]

In Van Gogh's first letter to his brother from Auvers he wrote, "It is profoundly beautiful, it is the real country, characteristic and picturesque."^[3]

Paintings

The entire garden, Kunstmuseum Basel

Van Gogh wrote in a letter dated 23 July 1890 to his brother Theo, "Perhaps you'll take a look at this sketch of Daubigny's garden – it is one of my most carefully thought-out canvases." ^[5][6] In both double-squares, the garden is furnished as a welcoming outdoor living space with a bench, table and chairs. In this painting a woman, cat and blooming flowers bring life to the setting; in the second version of the painting the cat is painted over. The landscaped garden, the focal point, contains a rose bed in the foreground and is surrounded by trees. In the background is a large house and a church with a Romanesque steeple.^[7][8] The beautifully manicured and landscaped Daubigny's Garden elevated the posthumous reputation of Charles-François Daubigny as a successful, cultured man of Auvers.^[7]

The painting was made on "double-square" canvas.^[6] The initial study, on extended loan to the Kunstmuseum Basel from the Rudolf Staechelin Family Foundation, has a the black cat in the foreground towards the left.

The entire garden, Hiroshima Museum of Art

The painting in which Van Gogh described the sky as "pale green"^[8] is very similar to the first [Kunstmuseum Basel] double-square^[1] but lacks the black cat but was later painted over. This slightly later version, also on double-square canvas,^[6] is on extended loan to the Hiroshima Museum of Art.

Portion of the Garden, Van Gogh Museum

Daubigny's Garden
1890
Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

The Van Gogh Museum study was made first of a portion of the enclosed garden. He made a little sketch of it for Theo, with a description: "In the foreground green and pink grass… In the center a rose bush, to the right a little gate… [and] a row of yellow lindens. The house itself is in the background, pink with a roof of bluish tiles."^[1]

Controversy surrounding the Daubigny's Garden (F776)

Prior to World War I questions arose regarding whether one of the double-square canvases was a forgery. After the war legitimate Van Gogh paintings were mixed up with forgeries in the inventory of German art dealer Otto Wacker. Wacker was put on trial after successfully selling a forgery of Van Gogh's self-portrait. Upon testimony of the best Van Gogh experts Wacker was sentenced for his crime, but mystery surrounding the forgery remained.^[9]

In 1929 Ludwig Justi, Nationalgalleries' museum director was particularly interested in Daubigny's Garden (F776) owned by Paris art dealer Paul Rosenberg. French painter and collector Emile Schuffenecker, who was known to have made copies of Van Gogh’s work, had at one point possessed this version of Daubigny's Garden. Knowing that that there was rumor surrounding the authenticity of the painting, Justi discretely inquired about its provenance to which he received "a detailed and reassuring answer." Verein der Freunde der Nationalgalerie was established of about seventy individuals in 1929 by which investors purchased art to lend to the Nationalgalerie on a long-term basis. Daubigny's Garden was one of their first purchases for 240,000 reichsmarks.^[10]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Daubigny's Garden, 1890". Permanent Collection. Van Gogh Museum. 2005—2011. http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?page=3263&collection=451&lang=en. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
2. ^ Harrison, R, ed (2011). "Letter from Vincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh, Amsterdam, 3 March 1878". Van Gogh Letters. WebExhibits. http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/letter/6/120.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "The Painters' Village". Permanent Collection. Van Gogh Museum. 2005—2011. http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?page=25933&lang=en. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
4. ^ "1890, Return North". Permanent Collection. Van Gogh Museum. 2005—2011. http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?page=12269&lang=en. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
5. ^ van Gogh, V; Leeuw, R; Pomerans, A (1997) [1996]. The Letters of Vincent van Gogh. London and other locations: Penguin Classics. p. 503. ISBN 0140446745. 
6. ^ ^{a b c} Harrison, R, ed (2011). "Letter from Vincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh, Auvers-sur-Oise, 23 July 1890". Van Gogh Letters. WebExhibits. http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/letter/21/651.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Zemel, C (1997). Van Gogh's Progress: Utopia, Modernity, and Late-Nineteenth-Century Art. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 225. ISBN 0520088492. http://books.google.com/books?id=n2gWfmFn0_QC&pg=PP225. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Danto, A (1997). Encounters & Reflections: Art in the Historical Present. University of California Press. p. 59. ISBN 0520208463. 
9. ^ Nordenfalk, C. The Life and Work of Van Gogh. New York: Philosophical Library. p. 191—192. http://books.google.com/books?id=5PjiAwxTTwgC&pg=PA191. 
10. ^ Tromp, T (2010). A Real Van Gogh: How the Art World Struggles with Truth. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 79—82. ISBN 978-90-8964-176-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=q41j853Fzn4C&pg=PA79. 

External Links

• Daubigny's garden, Hiroshima Museum of Art
• Daubigny's garden, Kunstmuseum Basel
• Daubigny's garden, Van Gogh Museum