- De Temporum Fine Comoedia
-
Operas by Carl Orff Der Mond (1939)
Die Kluge (1943)
Antigonae (1949)
De Temporum Fine Comoedia (1973)De Temporum Fine Comoedia, literally Play of the End of Time, is an opera or musical play by 20th Century German composer Carl Orff. It was his last work and took ten years to compose (1962 to 1972, later revised in 1979). Its premiere was at the Salzburg Music Festival on August 20, 1973, by Herbert von Karajan and the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chorus. In this highly personal work Orff presented a mystery play in which he summarized his view of the end of time, sung in Greek, German and Latin.[1]
Contents
Roles
Role Voice type Premiere cast,
20 August 1973[2]
(Conductor: Herbert von Karajan)1rst Sibyl soprano Anna Tomowa-Sintow 2nd Sibyl soprano Colette Lorand 3rd Sibyl soprano Jane Marsh 4th Sibyl soprano Kay Griffel 5th Sibyl soprano Gwendolyn Killebrew 6th Sibyl soprano Kari Lövaas 7th Sibyl mezzo-soprano Heljiä Angervo 8th Sibyl mezzo-soprano Sylvia Anderson 9th Sibyl mezzo-soprano Glenys Loulis 1rst Anachoret tenor Erik Geisen 2nd Anachoret tenor Hans Wegmann 3rd Anachoret baritone Hans Helm 4th Anachoret baritone Wolfgang Anheisser 5th Anachoret baritone Siegfried Rudolf Frese 6th Anachoret baritone Hermann Patzalt 7th Anachoret baritone Hannes Jokel 8th Anachoret bass Anton Diakov 9th Anachoret bass Boris Carmeli Stimme mezzo-soprano Christa Ludwig Stimme tenor Peter Schreier Luzifer spoken Hartmut Forche Prolog/Choral-director spoken Rolf Boysen Music
Summary/Dramatis Personae
The opera is in 3 parts, with each part having their own characters. Part I involves 9 Sibyls, represented by female singers.
- 3 Dramatic Sopranos
- 4 Mezzo-Sopranos
- 1 Alto
- 1 deep Contralto
Part II involves 9 Anchorites, represented by male singers
There is also a children's choir, along with a tenor section that is heard on a magnetic tape.
Part III involves the following people.
- The last beings; represented by three large mixed choirs
- The choral-director, who plays a speaking part and directs the chorus
- Lucifer, who appears near the end, and utilises a speaking-role.
There is also a double chorus of Sopranos and Altos used near the end, as well as two soloists, tenor and contralto, to represent the "Vox Mundana". A children's choir is also used to represent the "Voces caelestes".
I. DIE SIBYLLEN - THE SIBYLS
1) “Heis theós estin anarchos, hypermegéthaes, agénaetos” A god is, without beginning, immense, unformed
2) “Opse theü g’aléüsi myloi” The mills of God are late to grind
3) “Pasin homü nyx estin isae tois plüton echusin kai ptochois” The same night awaits all, rich and poor
4) “Choneusó gar hapanta kai eis katharón dialexó” I will melt everything down and purify it
5) “Vae! Ibunt impii in gehennam ignis eterni” Woe! The impious shall enter the hell of the eternal fire
II. DIE ANACHORETEN - THE ANCHORITES
6) “Upote, maepote, maepu, maedépote… ignis eterni immensa tormenta” Never, never, in no place, at no time the measureless torment of the eternal fire
7) “Unus solus Deus ab aeterno in aeternum” God is One alone from eternity to eternity
8)“Nicht Satanas… nicht Lucifer… damnatus nunquam condemnatus in aeternum” Not Satan… not Lucifer… te damned are not condemned for eternity
9) “Mundus terrenus volvitur” The terrestrial world revolves
10) “Wann endet die Zeit?” When will time end?
11) “Gott, schenk uns Wahrsagung, Weissagung, Hellsicht im Traum. Gott, schenk uns den Traum” God, grant us the gifts of prophecy, sagacity, clairvoyance in dreaming. God, grant us the dream.
III. DIES ILLA – THAT DAY
12) “Wo irren wir ihn, verloren, verlassen” Whither do we stray, lost, abandoned
13) “Kyrie!” “Serva nos, salva nos, eripe nos!” Lord! Help us, save us, take us away!
14) “Angor, timor, horror, terror ac pavor invadit omnes” Dread, fear, horror, terror and dismay seize us all
15) “Omne genus daemoniorum caecorum, claudorum sive confusorum, attendite iussum meorum et vocationem verborum” Every type of demon, blind, lame or mad, mark the command and the call of my words.
16) “Vae, Portae Inferi oculus aspicit nos tenebrarius tenebris” Woe, the eye, the dark eye looks upon us, with darkness, at the gates of the underworld.
17) “Pater peccavi” Father, I have sinned
18) “Con sublima spiritualità” With highest spirituality
Orchestration
The music requires a very unusual, and possibly symmetrical orchestra:
- a consort of 4 viols
- 8 contrabasses
- electronic tape
- an enormous amount of percussion (including about 100 instruments)
- 3 harps
- 3 pianos, each with two players
- electronic organ
The percussion section, requiring about 25-30 players, consists of:
- 2 snare drums
- 6 tambourines
- 3 tenor drums
- 2 bass drums (one with attached cymbal)
- 3 darabukka (alto, tenor, and bass)
- 3 tom-toms
- 6 congas
- bass conga
- 4 "timpanetti" with unpitched wooden drum heads (soprano, alto, tenor, and bass)
- 5 timpani (3 with cymbals)
- 5 crotales
- 5 suspended cymbals
- 1 pair of crash cymbals
- 3 copper tam-tams (40-60 centimetres in diameter)
- 2 tam-tams (large & very large)
- gong pitched to low C
- dobaci (a Japanese temple bell) pitched to C♯
- 5 high bronze bells "at the interval of a semitone"
- two sets of tubular bells
- triangle
- guiro
- whip
- maracas
- 6 castanets
- hyoshigi*
- angklung
- 3 wood bells, actually referring to temple blocks
- 5 wood blocks
- "simple" and "double" ratchets
- 3 "large church ratchets"
- 4 water glasses
- celesta
- 2 glockenspiels
- lithophone
- metallophone
- xylophone
- tenor xylophone
- bass xylophone
- 2 marimbas.
- The hyoshigi are used only on the inside of the piano at the climax of Part III, where they are struck hard on the piano strings by a percussionist. In the original score, they were used in one other passage as well.
The total forces used for the taped sections are
There is also one spoken part, an echo of one of the sibyls' spoken dialogue, accompanied by wind machine.
Tape Sections
The music on magnetic tape is used in four different places, most notably at the end when Lucifer appears.
The first section is used in Part I, and requires the following instruments:
The second section, also used in Part I utilises the following:
- Wind machine, accompanying an echo of one of the Sibyl's dialogue.
The third section is used in Part II:
The fourth and final section is used towards the end of Part III. In Orff's final revision in 1981, this taped section was omitted and instead given to players in the orchestra:
- 8 Flutes
- 10 Trumpets in C, intoning a Fanfare to heaven
- 4 Trombones
- A female chorus (SSAA)
- Tenor and Contralto soloists
- A children's choir
1979 revision
Orff later made extensive revisions to De Temporum Fine Comoedia with many changes in orchestration. In his 1981 revision the following instruments were added:
- 1 snare drum, bringing the total number to 3
- 7 water glasses, bringing the total to 11
- Grand church organ, in return omitting it on tape
The following instruments were eliminated:
- Triangle
- 3 timpanetti, leaving only 1 (alto)
- All 3 copper tam-tams
- 2 church ratchets, leaving only 1
- 2 suspended cymbals, bringing the number down to 3
The modifications to the pre-recorded music consist of the addition of the following:
- 1 piano, bringing the total up to 3
- 3 contrabasses
The omissions consisted of:
- All 8 flutes
- 8 trumpets, leaving only 2
- All 4 trombones
- Grand church organ, instead brought into the orchestra
- The double-chorus of sopranos and altos
- The tenor and alto soloists
In addition to loud percussive passages, there are also as periods of calm piano and straight dialogue. In this culminative piece, Orff almost abandons his diatonicism to chromaticism, which enriches and thickens the musical texture.
As the play is about to finish, after the destruction of all worldly material, Satan asks for forgiveness and is restored to Angel Lucifer, thus forgiven. The unsettling chromaticism here ends and Bach's Before Thy Throne (Vor deinen Thron tret ich hiermit) strikes up in a canon from the four violas. This canon is pandiatonic and upon its completion its mirror image is stated (that is the identical material played backwards).
References
Sources
- Boyer, Paul S. (1994). When time shall be no more: Prophecy belief in modern American culture. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674951298
- Casaglia, Gerardo (2005). "De Temporum Fine Comoedia". Almanacco Amadeus (Italian)
- Rockwell, John (December 5, 2003). "Gong Beyond 'Carmina Burana,' and Beyond Orff's Stigma". New York Times
Categories:- Operas by Carl Orff
- Operas
- 1973 operas
- Multiple-language operas
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